Feminisme Gelombang Kedua dalam Novel Kim Jiyeong, Born 1982

M MAHBUBDIN RIDHA A, Hwang Who Young, M.A.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 BAHASA DAN KEBUDAYAAN KOREA

Penelitian ini menelaah novel Cho Namjoo Kim Jiyeong, Born 1982 menggunakan teori feminisme gelombang kedua. Teori strukturalisasi gender Mansour Fakih (1996), redomestikasi perempuan Betty Friedan (1995), dan feminisme eksistensial Simone de Beauvoir (1976) dijadikan sebagai teori acuan analisis penelitian. Sementara itu, metode historis-faktual digunakan sebagai metodologi utama penelitian. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menguraikan fakta bahwa ketidakadilan gender yang ada di masyarakat bukanlah hal yang tercipta secara natural, melainkan hasil konstruksi budaya patriarki yang disosialisasikan secara kultural. Melalui analisis novel, diketahui bagaimana bentuk strukturalisasi gender melalui cerita tokoh-tokoh di novel yang mengalami marginalisasi, subordinasi, stigmatisasi, kekerasan berbasis gender, dan beban ganda. Selain itu, ditemukan pula upaya redomestikasi wanita melalui citra perempuan ideal yang mengkriminalisasi wanita karier dan berakibat terjadinya krisis identitas perempuan. Novel ini menghadirkan narasi feminisme eksistensial sebagai resolusi untuk memerdekakan perempuan. Hal ini direpresentasikan melalui tokoh-tokoh di novel yang menjadi individu yang mandiri dalam berdialektika memutuskan hidupnya, meski tetap berusaha untuk beradaptasi dengan standar masyarakat yang ada.

This study analyzes Cho Namjoo's novel entitled Kim Jiyeong, Born 1982 using the second-wave feminism theory. Mansour Fakih's gender structuralization (1996), Betty Friedan's redomestication of women (1995), and Simone de Beauvoir's existential feminism theory (1976) use as the main references to analyze this novel. As for methodology, this research uses the historical-factual method. This research is conducted to outline the fact that gender inequality in society is not naturally created. Instead, it is socially and culturally constructed under the patriarchal system. The analysis of the novel indicates that the characters in the novel underwent gender structuralization in the forms of marginalization, subordination, stigmatization, gender-based violence, and double burden workload in the family. In addition, this research also highlights a coordinated effort to re-domesticate women by using images of what an ideal woman should be. This image, then, criminalizes career women that eventually lead to women's identity crisis. This novel sets forth a narrative of existential feminism as a resolution to liberating women. This is represented through the characters in the novel who become independent individuals which means they are able to adapt to the existing social standards while at the same still free from being restrained in their life.

Kata Kunci : Feminisme, strukturalisasi, redomestikasi, eksistensialisme, gender, Kim Jiyoung Born 1982