PERILAKU MERUANG MASYARAKAT KOTA PADANG PANJANG PASCA KEMUNCULAN COVID-19

RAHMI NAMIRA PUTRI, Ir. Deva Fosterharoldas Swasto, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D.,IPM.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA

Coronavirus Disease 2019 atau yang dikenal dengan COVID-19 telah memberi dampak ke seluruh aspek kehidupan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, dampak besar maupun dampak kecil. Adanya COVID19 memaksa masyarakat untuk menyesuaikan diri mengubah perilaku dalam rangka perlindungan diri aman dari COVID19. Termasuk dalam memanfaatkan ruang, masyarakat memiliki pola perilaku tersendiri dalam memanfaatkan ruang. Masyarakat memperlihatkan bentuk adaptasi terhadap COVID19 yang tertuang dalam perilaku dan aktivitas sehari hari. Perilaku ini dipengaruhi berbagai faktor termasuk persepsi terhadap COVID19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adaptasi dan perilaku meruang masyarakat Kota Padang Panjang di lingkungan permukiman maupun non permukiman dengan adanya COVID19. Lokasi penelitian ini ialah di Kota Padang Panjang, Sumatera Barat. Setting lokasi penelitian ini ialah di lingkungan permukiman yaitu rumah dan sekitar rumah dari masyarakat serta di lingkungan non permukiman yaitu fungsi ruang selain fungsi rumah di Kota Padang Panjang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian induktif kualitatif. Penelitian ini mengumpulkan data menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam, observasi dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menemukan beberapa tema terkait bentuk adaptasi dan perilaku meruang masyarakat baik di lingkungan permukiman maupun non permukiman di Kota Padang Panjang yang dibagi berdasarkan persepsi masyarakat terhadap COVID19 yaitu percaya, meragukan dan tidak percaya akan keberadaan COVID19. Masyarakat yang percaya COVID19 melakukan bentuk adaptasi dan perilaku meruang di lingkungan permukiman diantaranya dengan cara jarang keluar rumah, membatasi pergerakan, merenovasi rumah, membagi ruang dirumah, membagi penggunaan ruang dirumah, menyediakan fasilitas tambahan dan menghindari interaksi dengan masyarakat. Di luar permukiman mereka menghindari penggunaan ruang di tempat tempat tertentu seperti pasar, rumah sakit, pasar kuliner, tempat wisata dan tempat olahraga di hari tertentu. Masyarakat yang meragukan keberadaan COVID19 melakukan bentuk adaptasi yang tidak maksimal namun tetap menghindari tempat tempat tertentu seperti rumah sakit dengan alasan takut COVID19. Sedangkan masyarakat yang tidak percaya COVID19 tidak melakukan bentuk adaptasi terhadap COVID19 dan tidak menunjukkan perubahan perilaku meruang. Mereka melakukan bentuk adaptasi dengan alasan tuntutan atau karena ancaman sanksi semata.

Coronavirus Disease 2019, also known as COVID-19, has direct or indirect impacts on all aspects of life, big impact as well as small impact. The existence of COVID-19 forces people to adapt and to change behavior in order to protect themselves safely from COVID1-9. In the aspect of space utilization, society has its own behavior patterns. The society shows a form of adaptation to COVID-19 which is reflected in daily behavior and activities. This behavior is influenced by various factors including perceptions of COVID-19. This study aims to determine the adaptation and spatial behavior of the society of Padang Panjang in residential and non-residential neighborhood with the presence of COVID-19. The location of this research is in the city of Padang Panjang, West Sumatra. The location setting of this research was in a residential area, namely the house and locations around the house of the community, as well as in a non-residential environment, namely the location with function other than the function of the living house in the city of Padang Panjang. This study used a qualitative inductive research approach. This study collected data using in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. This research found several themes related to the form of adaptation and behavior in the spaces of the society both in residential and non-residential neighborhood in Padang Panjang City which were divided based on people's perceptions of COVID-19, namely believing, doubting and not believing in the existence of COVID-19. People who believed that COVID-19 was actually exist has taken a form of adaptation and spatial behavior in residential areas, including by staying in their houses, limiting movement, renovating houses, dividing space at home, dividing the use of space at home, providing additional facilities and avoiding interaction with the community. Outside the neighborhood they avoid using space in certain places such as markets, hospitals, culinary markets, tourist attractions and sports venues on certain days. People who doubted the existence of COVID-19 were doing a form of adaptation that was not optimal but still avoiding certain places such as hospitals because they were still afraid of COVID-19. Meanwhile, people who did not believe that COVID-19 actually exist, have not taken any form of adaptation to COVID-19 and did not show changes in their spatial behavior. They only made some form of adaptation because they were afraid of sanctions and punishments

Kata Kunci : Perilaku Meruang, COVID-19, Permukiman, Non Permukiman, Kota Padang Panjang