Narrative Review: Penggunaan Co-processed Superdisintegrant dalam Formulasi Fast Disintegrating Tablet

NADA HARASHTI, Dr. Teuku Nanda Saifullah Sulaiman, M.Si., Apt.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Salah satu kelompok superdisintegrant yang digunakan untuk mengakselerasi proses disintegrasi pada Fast Disintegrating Tablet (FDT) adalah co-processed superdisintegrant. Co-processed superdisintegrant merupakan kombinasi beberapa superdisintegrant yang sudah diproses terlebih dahulu, sehingga memiliki kualifikasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan bahan superdisintegrant tunggal. Beberapa kelebihan yang dimiliki oleh co-processed superdisintegrant adalah sifat alir yang lebih baik, kecenderungan segregasi yang rendah, kompresibilitas tinggi, kemampuan disintegrasi cepat, dan sensitivitas kelembapan rendah. Sudah banyak penelitian tentang penggunaan co-processed superdisintegrant pada formulasi FDT, tetapi belum ada review yang merangkumnya secara lengkap. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode narrative review yaitu dengan penelusuran artikel menggunakan kata kunci "co-processed superdisintegrant" dan "fast disintegrating tablets" melalui database Scopus, Sciencedirect, Wiley, dan GoogleScholar dengan tahun terbit pada rentang 2010 sampai dengan 2021. Artikel terpilih lalu disortir berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, kemudian dilakukan kompilasi data dan analisis untuk penyusunan narrative review. Hasil penelitian diharapkan memberikan gambaran tentang co-processed superdisintegrant, rentang konsentrasi yang digunakan dalam formulasi FDT, pengaruhnya terhadap waktu hancur dan disolusi, serta mekanisme disintegrasi yang terjadi dalam memperpendek waktu disintegrasi. Hasil review menunjukkan bahwa co-processed superdisintegrant biasa digunakan dalam FDT pada konsentrasi 4%. Co-processed superdisintegrant menghasilkan formula yang memiliki sifat alir dan kompresibilitas baik. FDT yang dihasilkan juga memiliki ketahanan mekanis yang mencukupi, sehingga mengurangi risiko tablet hancur dan retak saat proses pengemasan, penyimpanan, dan pemindahan. FDT yang dihasilkan memiliki waktu disintegrasi yang lebih pendek dan disoulsi yang lebih baik. Hal ini dikarenakan pada co-processed superdisintegrant memiliki mekanisme disintegrasi yang merupakan kombinasi dari superdisintegrant satu dan superdisintegrant lainnya, yaitu swelling dan wicking.

One group of superdisintegrants used to accelerate the disintegration process in FDT is co-processed superdisintegrant. Co-processed superdisintegrant is a combination of several superdisintegrants that have been processed first, so that it has better qualifications than a single superdisintegrant. Some of the advantages possessed by co-processed superdisintegrants are better flow properties, low segregation tendency, high compressibility, fast disintegration ability, and low moisture sensitivity. There have been many studies on the use of co-processed superdisintegrants in FDT, but there is no review that fully summarizes them. This research was conducted using the narrative review method, by searching for articles using the keywords "co-processed superdisintegrant" and "fast disintegrating tablets" through the Scopus, Sciencedirect, Wiley, and GoogleScholar databases with published years in the range of 2010 to 2021. Selected articles are then sorted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, then the data are compiled and analyzed for the preparation of a narrative review. The results are expected to provide an overview of co-processed superdisintegrants, the range of concentrations used in the FDT formulation, their effects on disintegration and dissolution, and the disintegration mechanism that occurs in shortening disintegration time. The review results showed that the common co-processed superdisintegrant used in FDT at concentration of 4%. Co-processed superdisintegrants produce formulas that have good flow properties and compressibility. The resulting FDT also has sufficient mechanical resistance, which reduces the risk of crushed and cracked tablets during packaging, storage and transportation. The resulting FDT has a shorter disintegration time and better dissolution. This is because co-processed superdisintegrants have a disintegration mechanism which is a combination of one superdisintegrant and another, namely swelling and wicking.

Kata Kunci : Co-processed superdisintegrant, fast disintegrating tablet