Penentuan Sektor dan Subsektor Pertanian Unggulan Provinsi Jawa Tengah

KAFFATUFIDDIN, Prof. Dr. Ir. Masyhuri; Sugiyarto, S.P., M.Sc.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 EKONOMI PERTANIAN DAN AGRIBISNIS

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) mengetahui tren pertumbuhan dan kontribusi PDRB sektor dan subsektor pertanian Provinsi Jawa Tengah, (2) mengidentifikasi subsektor pertanian unggulan Provinsi Jawa Tengah, (3) mengidentifikasi pengaruh komponen daya saing terhadap subsektor pertanian Provinsi Jawa Tengah, dan (4) mengidentifikasi prospek subsektor pertanian Provinsi Jawa Tengah di masa mendatang. Data yang digunakan adalah PDB Indonesia dan PDRB Provinsi Jawa Tengah berdasar harga konstan 2010 menurut lapangan usaha tahun 2010 - 2019. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis tren, Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ), Shift-share, dan Tipologi Klassen. Diperoleh hasil bahwa secara umum sektor pertanian mengalami peningkatan PDRB dan penurunan kontribusi. Subsektor yang mengalami peningkatan PDRB dan kontribusi adalah subsektor tanaman perkebunan, peternakan, jasa pertanian dan perburuan, serta perikanan. Subsektor yang mengalami fluktuasi pertumbuhan PDRB dan penurunan kontribusi adalah subsektor tanaman pangan, serta subsektor kehutanan dan penebangan kayu. Subsektor yang mengalami peningkatan PDRB dan fluktuasi kontribusi adalah subsektor tanaman hortikultura. Secara umum sektor pertanian menjadi sektor reposisi nonbasis di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Subsektor basis/unggulan meliputi jasa pertanian dan perburuan, serta peternakan. Subsektor reposisi nonbasis meliputi tanaman pangan dan tanaman hortikultura. Subsektor nonbasis meliputi tanaman perkebunan, perikanan, serta kehutanan dan penebangan kayu. Komponen daya saing berdampak positif pada subsektor jasa pertanian dan perburuan, serta subsektor peternakan, dan bernilai negatif pada subsektor lainnya. Berdasarkan prospeknya di masa mendatang subsektor yang memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan adalah subsektor jasa pertanian dan perburuan, serta subsektor peternakan.

This study aims to: (1) determine the trend of growth and the contribution of GRDP in the agricultural sector and subsectors of Central Java Province, (2) identify the leading agricultural subsectors of Central Java Province,(3) identify the influence of the competitiveness component on the agricultural subsectors of Central Java Province, and (4) identify the future prospects of the agricultural subsectors in Central Java Province. The data used are Indonesia's GDP and Central Java's GRDP based on 2010 constant prices by business field in 2010 - 2019. The method used are trend analysis, Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ), Shift-share, and Klassen Typology. The results showed that in general the agricultural sector increased in GRDP and decreased in contribution. The subsectors that have increased in GRDP and contributions were plantation crops, livestock, agricultural services and hunting, and fisheries. The subsectors that experienced fluctuations in GRDP growth and decreased contribution were the food crops subsector, as well as the forestry and logging subsector. The subsectors that have increased in GRDP and fluctuations in contribution was the horticultural crops subsector. In general, the agricultural sector is a non-basic repositioning sector in Central Java Province. The leading subsectors are agricultural services and hunting, and livestock. The non-leading repositioning subsectors are food crops and horticultural crops. The non-leading subsectors are plantation crops, fisheries, as well as forestry and logging. The competitiveness component has a positive impact on the agricultural services and hunting subsector, as well as the livestock subsector, and has a negative impact on other subsectors. Based on the future prospect, the subsectors that have the potential to be developed are the agricultural services and hunting subsector, and the livestock subsector.

Kata Kunci : PDRB, sektor unggulan, sektor pertanian, LQ, DLQ, Shift-share, Tipologi Klassen