Efektivitas relaksasi progresif untuk menurunkan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi esensial

RAMBA, Yonathan, Prof.Dr. Johana E. Prawitasari

2002 | Tesis | S2 Psikologi

Penderita hpertensi di Indonesia cenderung meningkat sejalan dengan perubahan gaya hidup. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa relaksasi progresif dapat menurunkan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi esensial derajat 1 dan hipefiensi esensial derajat 2. Sekaligus relaksasi progresif dapat digunakan untuk mengendali kan aspek psikologis seperti ketegangan, kecemasan, rasa bermusuhan, rasa marah terkendali, dan keluhan yang menyertai penderita hipertensi esensial. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 36 orang yang dibagi dalam tiga kelompok yaitu kelompok hipertensi esensial derajat 1 (N= 12), kelompok hipertensi esensial derajat 2 (N=12), dan kelompok kontrol (N=12). Masing-masing kelompok terdin terdiri dari 6 orang laki-laki dan 6 orang perempuan, dan masih dibagi menjadi 3 orang usia 20-40 tahun dan 3 orang usia 41-60 tahun. Pengukuran meliputi pretest dan posttest tekanan darah dan aspek psikologis ketegangan, kecemasan, rasa bermusuhan, rasa marah terkendali, dan keluhan fisik yang dirasakan. Perlakuan diberikan selama 7 hari berturut-turut dan dilakukan satu kali sehari. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental kuasi, dengan desain metodologi pene 1 it i an control group pretest-posttest design . Analisis data menggunakan anava antar waktu (repeated measures design) 2- faktor. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa relaksasi progresif sangat efektif menurunkan tekanan darah penderita hipertensi esensial derajat 1 pada jenis kelamin F= 149,972; p=O,OOO, usia F=23,2 19; p=O,OO 1 , dengan aspek psikologis ketegangan pada jenis kelamin F=l 14,048; p=O,OOI, usia F=543,613; p=O,OOl, aspek kecemasan, aspek bermusuhan dan aspek rasa marah terkensali hasilnya sama pada jenis kelamin F=l114,048; p=O,OOl, dan usia F=13,750; p=O,OOl, aspek keluhan pada jenis kelamin F=767,573; p=O,OO 1, usia F=l12,554; p=O,OO 1 . Sedangkan pada hipertensi esensial derajat 2 untuk jenis kelamin F= 116,684; p=O,OOl, usia F=16,294; p=O,OO 1, dengan aspek psikologi ketegangan, kecemasan, rasa bermusuhan, rasa marah terkendali hasilnya sama pada jenis kelamin F=ll4,048; p=O,OOl, usia F=13,750; p=O,OOl, dan aspek keluhan pada jenis kelamin F=l14,048; p=O,OOl, usia F=l12,554; p=O,OOl. Dengan demikian relaksasi progresif sangat bermanfaat untuk menurunkan tekanan darah hipertensi esensial dan mengendalikan aspek psikologis sehingga tidak berkembang menjadi hipertensi yang lebih berat.

Hypertension in Indonesia tends to increase along with the change of people's life style. The objective of this study is to show that progressive relaxation might decrease the blood pressure of patients with stage 1 and stage 2 essential hypertension. Besides, it might be used to control the psychological aspects such as mental stress, anxiety, feeling of hostility, controlled anger, and any disturbance occurring in patients with essential hypertension. The 36 subjects of this study were divided into three groups, namely group of stage I essential hypertension (N=12), group of stage 2 essential hypertension (N=l2), and control group (N=l2). Each group is comprised of 6 men and 6 women who were classified into 3 people with 20 to 40 of age and 3 people with 41 to 60 of age. The ineasurment included blood pressure pretest and posttest and the psychological aspects of mental stress, anxiety, feeling of hostility, controlled anger, and physical disturbances. Progressive Relaxation as treatment was given during 7 days and were done daily. The type of the study quasi-experimental, with control group pretest-posttest design. The data were analysed with the time-to-time anova (repeated measures design) with 2 factors. The results indicated that the progressive relaxation was highly effective in decreasing the blood pressure of the stage 1 essential hypertension of sex F=149.972; p=O.OOO, of age F=23.219; p=O.OOl and the psychological aspect of mental stress of sex F=l14.048; p=O.OOl, of age F=543.613; p=O.OOl, while aspects of anxiety, feeling of hostility, controlled anger showed the same results on the sex F=l114.048; p=O.OOl, and age F=13.750; p=O.OOl, and aspect of disturbances of sex F=767.573; p=O.OOl, age F=ll2.554; p=O.OOl. In patients with stage 2 essential hypertension of sex F=ll6.684; p=O.OOl, age F=16.294; prO.001, with the aspects ofmental stress, anxiety, feeling of hostility, and controlled anger showed the same results of sex F=l14.048; p=O.OOl, age F=13.750; p=O.OOl, and the aspect of disturbances of sex F=l14.048; p=O.OOl, age F=ll2.554; p-0.001. Therefore, a progressive relaxation can be used to decrease the blood pressure of the stage 1 and stage 2 essential hypertension as well as to control the psychological aspects so that they will not develop to be the more severe hypertension.

Kata Kunci : Kecemasan,Relaksasi Progresif,Hipertensi Esensial,Progressive reluxution, essentiul hypertension