NEGOSIASI IDENTITAS DAN SUBORDINASI MINORITAS DALAM RUANG PUBLIK PENDIDIKAN Studi Pada Siswi Non-Muslim di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri Kota Padang

HANAFI SAPUTRA, Prof. Dr. SUHARKO, M.Si

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER SOSIOLOGI

Keberadaan instruksi Walikota Padang nomor 451. 422/ Binsos-III/ 2005 mengakibatkan jilbab menjadi atribut wajib seragam sekolah khususnya di SMA Negeri Kota Padang. Dalam kenyataannya, kewajiban turut menyasar siswi non-Muslim SMA Negeri Kota Padang sebagai konsekuensi ketika bersekolah di SMA Negeri. Penelitian ini mencoba fokus pada bentuk negosiasi identitas siswi non-Muslim dalam memilih bersekolah di SMA Negeri Kota Padang, dan mencoba mengupas praktek-praktek dominasi dalam ruang publik SMA Negeri Kota Padang. Selain itu, penelitian ini mencoba memperjuangkan hak yang seharusnya diperoleh siswi non-Muslim dan praktek seperti apa seharusnya dalam ruang publik khususnya di SMA Negeri Kota Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi kritis serta berpijak pada teori negosiasi identitas, teori ruang publik Jurgen Habermas, dan teori multikultural. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa siswi non-Muslim musti dihadapkan pada negosiasi identitas bidang politik, ekonomi, sosial-budaya, dan pendidikan saat memilih bersekolah di SMAN Kota Padang. SMA Negeri Kota Padang belum menerapkan perannya sebagai agen utama merajut keberagaman, bahkan pihak sekolah menjadi aktor dibalik praktek diskriminasi. Kebijakan dibuat belum melalui deliberasi antar entitas sehingga produk yang dihasilkan belum mengakomodasi kepentingan bersama. Akhirnya, SMA Negeri Kota Padang sebagai ruang publik melahirkan praktek penguatan identitas kelompok mayoritas yang mendominasi dan mensubordinasikan kelompok minoritas (dalam hal ini siswi non-Muslim).

The stipulation of the Instructions for the Mayor of Padang No.451.422/ Binsos-III/ 2005 on the obligation to wear Muslims clothing leads jilbab to be the mandatory attribute of the school uniform especially at SMA Negeri (public Senior High Schools) in Padang. As a result, the non-Muslims female High School students in Padang are also obliged to wear jilbab when they attend the school. The research mainly focuses on explicating the negotiation which the non-Muslim female students have to undergo when they choose to study at Public High Schools in Padang. Besides, this research attempts to reveal the domination practices prevailing in the public sphere especially at Public High Schools in Padang. Another main goal of this research is to advocate the rights which the non-Muslims should have and the practices which should exist in the public sphere especially at Public High Schools in Padang. In order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher conducts a qualitative research using critical ethnographic approach and the theory of identity negotiation, theory of public sphere coined by Jurgen Habermas, and theory of Multicultural. The research finding shows that the non-Muslim students face political, economic, socio-cultural, and educational identity negotiation when choosing to study at Public High Schools in Padang. In addition, Public High Schools in Padang have not yet performed their roles as the main agent for diversity. It is strengthened by the fact that discrimination exists in these schools. The formulation of the regulation neglects the aspect of inter-entities deliberation; therefore, it does not accommodate the common interest of all related parties. Public High Schools in Padang, thus, can be viewed as the public sphere where the practices of strengthening the majoritys identity results in the domination and subordination over the minority group (the non-Muslims students in this case).

Kata Kunci : Dominasi, Minoritas, Negosiasi Identitas, Pendidikan, Ruang Publik, Relasi Multikultural, Subordinasi