Reproduksi Identitas Dalam Sengketa Lahan (Studi Ekonomi Politik Kepemilikan Dermaga Nyuh Kukuh Antar Desa Kampung Toya Pakeh dan Desa Ped, Kecamatan Nusa Penida, Kabupaten Klungkung, Provinsi Bali)

NYOMAN AYU SUKMA P, Dr. Arie Sujito

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER SOSIOLOGI

Permasalahan sengketa kepemilikan Dermaga Nyuh Kukuh merupakan persoalan perebutan sumber daya dengan kekentalan praktik reproduksi identitas oleh elit lokal. Menggunakan kolaborasi teori Politik Pengakuan Identitas miliki Charles Taylor, Ekologi Politik milik Bryant dan Bailey, Moral Ekonomi Petani milik Scott dan Praktik Sosial milik Pierre Bourdieu, penelitian ini membedah secara kritis persoalan sengketa melalui pergeseran cara pandang atas alam dari masyarakat agraris menjadi industri serta praktik reproduksi identitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus milik Creswell, dimana data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur. Hasil elaborasi antara tiga teori dan perolehan data baik primer maupun sekunder, menunjukkan sengketa berawal dari upaya normalisasi implikasi negatif atas dominasi praktik pembangunan dari para kapitalis (pemerintah dan investor) kepada masyarakat agraris. Strategi menjadi penting untuk dilakukan mengingat masyarakat melakukan resistensi paska implementasi pembangunan memicu degradasi lingkungan berupa tercemarnya air laut sehingga memusnahkan lahan budi daya rumput laut dan hasil tangkapan nelayan. Instrumentalisasi kebijakan, wacana ideal modernitas dan pemberian sumbangan sukarela pada salah satu desa menjadi tiga strategi pamungkas para kapitalis dalam meredam gejolak sosial. Tetapi pemberian sumbangan sukarela oleh para investor lambat laun justru memicu konflik antar masyarakat. Ironisnya, pada kondisi ini elit lokal masing-masing desa justru hadir memanfaatkkan potensi konflik horizontal sekaligus perbedaan karakter masyarakat dan persoalan demarkasi dengan praktik reproduksi identitas untuk meraih tampuk kekuasaan serta maksimalisasi akumulasi kapital. Kesuksesan atas praktik reproduksi identitas secara konkret direfleksikan melalui bagaimana masyarakat memandang bahwa sengketa dermaga merupakan masalah keterancaman identitas dan diperlukan sosok pemimpin dengan kapabilitas tinggi untuk tidak saja menyelesaikan sengketa, melainkan menyelamatkan harga diri identitas mereka.

The dispute over Nyuh Kukuh Dock actually is a dispute over resources, which is also loaded with the reproduction of identity by the local elites. This research is trying to take up the dispute in the way of how the perspective towards nature had shifted from agricultural society to industrial ones, also the reproduction of identity, which is done in the scope of theories collaboration. These theories including Politics of Recognition by Charles Taylor, Political Ecology by Bryant and Bailey, The Moral Economy of the Peasant by Scott and Social Practice by Pierre Bourdieu. This research is done in qualitative methods and case study approach according to Creswell, which data are collected by carrying out observation, interviews, and literature reviews. The result of the elaboration among those theories mentioned prior and the data collection, including primary and secondary data, indicated that the dispute started with how the negative impacts as the results of the domination of development by the capitalists (the government and investors) towards the agricultural society are attempted to be normalized. In regard to the resistance of the society following the implementation of the development, strategy came to be a necessity. It is important following the environmental damage emerged, from the contamination of the sea water to the failure of seaweed and other seawater cultivation. The policy instrumentalization, the discourse of ideal modernities, also the use of donations as offerings to the village institutions became the means of the capitalist in order to hush the social turmoil. Overtime, the means of giving out donations became the root of conflicts in the body of the society itself. As it cannot get any worse, the local elites came in to use the horizontal conflict potentials, compounded by the diversity of characters in the society and the demarcation issue of the reproduction of identity, in order to reach a certain position of power and maximizing their own capital. The success of this reproduction of identity is reflected in the way society sees that the dispute of the dock is actually a matter of threatened identities and the need of a leader, who is capable, not only in resolving the dispute, but also to bring the identities at peace.

Kata Kunci : Sengketa Kepemilikan Dermaga, Ekologi Politik, Reproduksi Identitas, Masyarakat Agraris dan Masyarakat Industri.