Gambaran Terapi dan Luaran Klinik pada Pasien Pasca Operasi Katarak di Rumah Sakit Mata "Dr Yap" Yogyakarta

AYU FEBRIANTINA P, Dra. apt. Tri Murti Andayani, Sp. FRS., PhD.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Katarak merupakan penyebab utama kebutaan di dunia. Katarak dapat diterapi dengan operasi katarak dan pemberian obat pasca operasi untuk mencegah inflamasi dan infeksi. Operasi katarak diketahui dapat menimbulkan luaran klinik seperti hasil visual acuity dan komplikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran terapi dan luaran klinik pada pasien pasca operasi katarak di Rumah Sakit Mata "Dr. Yap" Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien pasca operasi katarak di Rumah Sakit Mata "Dr. Yap" Yogyakarta. Sumber data diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien operasi katarak bulan Januari - Desember 2020. Data yang dianalisis meliputi umur, jenis kelamin, komorbid sistemik, jenis katarak, penyakit mata lain, derajat kekeruhan, gambaran terapi, dan luaran klinik dalam jangka waktu 1 bulan pasca operasi. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif untuk mengetahui kelas terapi, golongan obat, nama obat, visual acuity, komplikasi pasca operasi katarak, dan crosstabulation antara komorbid sistemik dengan visual acuity. Hasil penelitian diperoleh sebanyak 97 pasien dengan 102 mata yang dioperasi katarak, subjek didominasi oleh laki-laki (53,61%), usia terbanyak antara 51-60 tahun (41,24%). Pasca operasi pasien diberikan obat yang didominasi antibotik kuinolon yaitu levofloksasin (89,69%), analgesik yaitu parasetamol (31,96%), kortikosteroid yaitu deksametason (8,25%), midriatik yaitu atropin sulfat (16,49%), antiglaukoma yaitu asetazolamid (39,18%), obat mata topikal yaitu merek dagang Siloxan (36,08%). Hasil visual acuity pasca operasi pada kategori baik sebanyak 40 mata (39,22%). Komplikasi terbanyak pasca operasi adalah ablasio retina pada 8 mata (7,84%). Hasil crosstabulation antara komorbid sistemik dengan visual acuity secara keseluruhan diperoleh 92 mata (90,20%) mengalami peningkatan visual acuity, 6 mata (5,9%) dengan visual acuity tetap, dan 4 mata (3,9%) mengalami penurunan visual acuity. Kesimpulannya, obat yang diberikan pasca operasi katarak adalah antibiotik, analgesik, antiinflamasi, midriatik, antiglaukoma, dan obat mata topikal. Operasi katarak dapat meningkatkan visual acuity. Namun, operasi katarak dapat menimbulkan komplikasi.

Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness in the world. Cataract can be treated with cataract surgery and postoperative drug administration to prevent inflammation and infection. Cataract surgery is known to produce clinical outcome such as visual acuity and complications. This study aims to determine the description of therapy and clinical outcome in post-cataract surgery patients at "Dr. Yap" Eye Hospital Yogyakarta. This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The research subject were all post-cataract surgery patients at "Dr. Yap" Eye Hospital Yogyakarta. The source of data was obtained from the medical records of cataract surgery patients from January - December 2020. The data analyzed included age, sex, systemic comorbidities, type of cataract, other eye diseases, degree of turbidity, description of therapy, and clinical outcomes a month post- cataract surgery. Data analysis was carried out descriptively to determine class of therapy, class of drug, drug name, visual acuity, complication post-cataract surgery, and crosstabulation between systemic comorbidities and visual acuity. The results of study are 97 patients with 102 eyes were cataract operated, the subjects were dominated by men (53,61%), the most patients age between 51-60 years (41,24%). Postoperatively, patients were given therapy that was dominated by antibiotic quinolones namely levofloxacin (89,69%), analgesic namely paracetamol (31,96%), corticosteroid namely dexamethasone (8,25%), mydriatics namely atropine sulfate (16,49%), anti-glaucoma namely acetazolamide (39,18%), and topical eye drug Siloxan's trademark (36,08%). The result of postoperative visual acuity was found in good category as many as 40 eyes (39,22%) and 92 eyes (90,20%) increased their visual acuity. The most postoperative complications were retinal detachment in 8 eyes (7,84%). The crosstabulation test between systemic comorbidities and visual acuity was obtained p>0,05. In conclusion, drugs given after cataract surgery is antibiotics, analgesics, anti-inflammatory, mydriatics, anti-glaucoma, and topical eye drug. Cataract surgery can improve visual acuity but can cause complications.

Kata Kunci : gambaran terapi, luaran klinik, katarak, pasca operasi