Genealogi Hoaks di Indonesia

RONY K PRATAMA, Prof. Dr. Faruk

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER KAJIAN BUDAYA DAN MEDIA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji wacana hoaks di Indonesia. Adapun dua rumusah masalah yang diteliti sebagai berikut. Pertama, bagaimana formasi diskursif terbentuknya hoaks di Indonesia. Kedua, bagaimana agenda ekonomi-politik yang menyertai proses terbentuknya hoaks di Indonesia. Menggunakan pendekatan genealogis Foucauldian, penelitian ini menelusuri sejumlah arsip dalam kurun waktu tahun 2008 sampai 2021 yang sebagian besar bersumber dari media daring. Formasi diskursif dan nondiskursif yang membentuk hoaks menjadi fokus kajian dengan memusatkan perhatian terhadap kekuatan dominan. Analisis genealogis melihat proses terbentuknya rangkaian wacana hoaks, melintasi, dan menggantikan apa. Termasuk melihat berbagai sistem hambatan yang melingkupi terbentuknya hoaks. Hasil penelitiannya sebagai berikut. Pertama, wacana hoaks mengalami penyempitan, pelebaran, dan peyorasi yang tidak terlepas oleh formasi diskursif maupun nondiskursif yang membentuknya. Selama proses pembentukan, terdapat berbagai lembaga maupun tokoh otoritatif seperti MUI, Dewan Pers, BIN, Kominfo, Kemenko Polhukam, paranormal, kepolisian, sampai pakar telekomunikasi yang relatif efektif membentuk hoaks di Indonesia. Formasi diskursif yang turut mendefinisikan hoaks antara lain wacana hukum, ilmu astronomi, agama, Pancasila, jurnalisme, dan pendidikan. Semua formasi diskursif tersebut merupakan induk dari wacana yang telah dikonstruk oleh lembaga maupun tokoh otoritatif. Kedua, agenda ekonomi-politik yang menyertai proses terbentuknya hoaks adalah pendisiplinan sipil dan media sosial. Agenda ini dilakukan oleh rezim Jokowi dengan wacana developmentalisme baru (jokowinomics). Pendisiplinan sipil dan media sosial adalah prasyarat berlangsungnya secara kondusif motif stabilitas ekonomi dan politik di belakang wacana jokowinomics.

This study aims to examine hoax discourse in Indonesian context. The two problem formulas studied are as follows. Firstly, how is the discursive formation of hoaxes are engendered. Secondly, what is the political economy agenda that accompanies the formation process of hoaxes in Indonesia. Using a Foucault's genealogical method, this research explores a number of archives from 2008 to 2021, most of them are taken from online media. The researcher focuses on the state dominant power based on their discursive and non-discursive practices as including political events, institutions, and economic processes. Genealogical analysis in this research looks at the process of hoax discourse constituted and it is focusing on power relationship in society as represented through language and practices. The research results are as follows. Firstly, the hoax discourse endures a narrowing, widening, and shifting which could not be separated by the discursive and non-discursive formations that make it up. During the formation process, there are various institutions and authoritative figures such as Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI), Indonesian Press Council (Dewan Pers), Republik of Indonesia State Intelligence Agency (BIN), Indonesian Ministry of Communication and Informatics (Kominfo), Coordinating Ministry for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemenko Polhukam), shaman, police, and cyber security expert who have effectively shaped and defined the form of hoaxes in Indonesia. Moreover, the discursive formations that also delineating such as legal discourse, astronomy, religion, Pancasila, journalism, and education. All of these discursive formations has been descended by authoritative institutions and figures. Secondly, there are two political economy agenda. They are controlling people and their social media. These agenda are carried out by the Jokowi regime in order to new developmentalism discourse (jokowinomics). Dominating the people and their social media could be effectively accelerating economical and political stability the jokowinomics discourse.

Kata Kunci : Hoax, Genealogy, Foucault, Political Economy, Jokowinomics