KARAKTERISTIK DEMOGRAFIS DAN KLINIS GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME

ZULFA TSURAYYA, dr. Indra Sari Kusuma Harahap, Ph.D., Sp.S (K); Dr. dr. Cempaka Thursina Srie Setyaningrum, Sp.S (K)

2021 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN

KARAKTERISTIK DEMOGRAFIS DAN KLINIS GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME Zulfa Tsurayya1, Indra Sari Kusuma Harahap2, Cempaka Thursina Srie Setyaningrum3 1Program Studi Kedokteran, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2Departemen Neurologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada 3Departemen Neurologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Kesehatan Masyarakat, dan Keperawatan, Universitas Gadjah Mada INTISARI Latar belakang: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) adalah penyakit neuropati paralisis akut yang paling parah dan sering terjadi. Prevalensi Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) di seluruh dunia berkisar 1.1-1.8 per 100.000 populasi per tahun. Mortalitas pada pasien Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) mencapai angka 2.5%, namun meskipun angka mortalitas tersebut dinilai cukup rendah, adanya komplikasi dan prognosis pada pasien GBS dapat menjadi prediktor yang memengaruhi angka mortalitas tersebut. Tujuan: Mengkaji karakteristik demografis dan klinis Guillain-Barre syndrome. Metode: Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah review terhadap jurnal-jurnal yang membahas tentang karakteristik demografis dan klinis Guillain-Barre syndrome. Hasil: Berdasarkan pencarian terhadap dua pangkalan data elektronik yaitu PubMed dan ClinicalKey, didapatkan 126 jurnal. Setelah dilakukan skrining melalui judul, abstrak, serta mengeksklusi jurnal, didapatkan 5 jurnal yang membahas tentang karakteristik demografis dan klinis Guillain-Barre syndrome. Berdasarkan kelima jurnal tersebut, didapatkan hasil dari 16 variabel yaitu insidensi, usia, rasio laki-laki/perempuan, musim, riwayat penyakit sebelum onset, GBS disability score, distribusi kelemahan, paresis saraf kranial, defisit sensoris, nyeri, ventilator, disfungsi otonom, ataksia, mortalitas, subtipe GBS, dan terapi. Simpulan: Insidensi penyakit Guillain-Barre syndrome adalah 1.63 per 100.000 populasi per tahun dengan rerata usia dalam rentang dekade ke 5-6. Berdasarkan literatur, GBS lebih banyak dialami oleh laki-laki dengan rasio laki-laki/perempuan adalah 1.42. Angka kejadian GBS berkaitan dengan riwayat penyakit infeksi saluran pernapasan atas (34%) pada musim dingin dan infeksi gastrointestinal (31%). Pasien GBS yang mencapai titik nadir memiliki GBS disability score terbanyak dengan skor 2 dan 4. Kelima literatur tersebut memaparkan beberapa gejala yang dapat ditemukan pada pasien GBS yaitu tetraparesis (71%), defisit sensoris (48%), nyeri (47%), paresis saraf kranial (37%), disfungsi otonom (20%), dan ataksia (7%). selain itu, ada 17% pasien GBS yang membutuhkan ventilator, 63% pasien GBS diketahui mengidap GBS dengan subtipe AIDP, dan sebanyak 69% terapi yang dilakukan pada pasien adalah intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg).

THE DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME Zulfa Tsurayya1, Indra Sari Kusuma Harahap2, Cempaka Thursina Srie Setyaningrum3 1Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University 2Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University 3Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University ABSTRACT Background: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is the most severe and common acute paralytic neuropathy. The prevalence of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) worldwide ranges from 1.1-1.8 per 100,000 population per year. Mortality in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) reaches 2.5%, but even though this mortality rate is considered quite low, complications and prognosis in GBS patients can be predictors that affect this mortality rate. Objective: To assess the demographic and clinical characteristics of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Method: The method used in this study is a review of journals that discuss the demographic and clinical characteristics of Guillain-Barre syndrome Result: Based on a search of two electronic databases, PubMed and ClinicalKey, 126 journals were found. After screening through title, abstract, and journal exclusion, there were 5 journals that discussed the demographic and clinical characteristics of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Based on the five journals, the results obtained from 16 variables, namely incidence of GBS, age, male/female ratio, season, history of disease before onset, GBS disability score, distribution of weakness, cranial nerve paresis, sensory deficit, pain, ventilator, autonomic dysfunction, ataxia, mortality, GBS subtypes, and therapy. Conclusion: The incidence rate of Guillain-Barre syndrome is 1.63 per 100,000 population per year with a mean age in the 5-6 decades range. Based on the literature, GBS is higher among males than females with the male/female ratio is 1.42. The incidence rate of GBS was associated with a history of acute respiratory tract infections (34%) in winter and gastrointestinal infections (31%). GBS patients who reach the nadir have the highest GBS disability scores with scores of 2 and 4. The literatures describe several symptoms that can be found in GBS patients, namely tetraparesis (71%), sensory deficits (48%), pain (47%), cranial nerves paresis (37%), autonomic dysfunction (20%), and ataxia (7%). in addition, 17% of GBS patients required ventilators, 63% of GBS patients were known to have GBS with the AIDP subtype, and as much as 69% of the therapy performed on patients was intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg).

Kata Kunci : Guillain-Barre syndrome, karakteristik demografis, karakteristik klinis, clinical characteristics, demographic characteristics