Karakteristik kesembuhan malaria pada balita di Puskesmas MTBS dan Puskesmas non MTBS Kabupaten Purworejo

HERYATI, Martha, Prof.dr. Djauhar Ismail, MPH.,PhD.,SpAK

2002 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Masih tinggmya angka kematian bayi dan anak, tujuh puluh persen di antaranya meninggal di bawah usia 5 tahun karena: pneumonia, diare, malaria, campak, malnutrisi. Manajemen terpadu balita sakit adalah suatu program yang dicanangkan WHO dalam upaya menurunkan angka kematian dan kesakitan balita di negara berkembang termasuk di Indonesia. Program MTBS sebagan sudah dilaksanakan di Puskesmas Kabupaten Purworejo, namun belum ada yang melakukan penelitian tentang kesembuhan balita malaria pada penanganan di Puskesmas MTBS dan Non MTBS. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan kesembuhan balita malaria pada penanganan di Puskesmas MTBS dan Non MTBS Kabupaten Purworejo. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan rancangan kohort retrospektg Subjek penelitian balita malaria umur 1 - 5 tahun sebanyak 200 balita, teknik pengambilan sampel adalah random sampling. Analisis data kuantitatif menggunakan uji chi square dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil analisis bivariat pada lima langkah kegiatan penanganan di Puskesmas MTBS terdapat empat variabel: anamnesidpemeriksaan fisik, pengobatan, konseling, foZlow up yang merupakan faktor risiko terhadap kesembuhan balita malaria bermakna (P < 0,05). Di Puskesmas Non MTBS terdapat dua variabel: anamnesidpemeriksaan fisik dan pengobatan mempunyai risiko terbadap kesehbuhan balita malaria bermakna (P < 0,05). Perbedaan kesembuhan balita malaria pada penanganan di Puskesmas MTBS dan Non MTBS ti& bermakna (P > 0,05) tidak terdapat perbedaan keskmbuhm. Hail analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa dua variabel bebas yaitu anamnesidpemeriksaan fisik, pengobatan dan satu variabel luar yaitu pendidikan yang masih berpengaruh terhadap kesembuhan balita malaria bermakna (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan kesembuhan balita malaria pada penanganan di Puskesmas MTBS dan Non MTBS.

Background: The high rate of mfant and children mortality in which seventy percent out of it were death are those who are under five years old as the result of pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, measles and malnutrition. The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness is a program that launched by WHO in the effort to decrease mortality and morbidity rate in developing countries including Indonesia. Part of this program has carried out in Community Health Centre in Purworejo regency. However, there is no research has been done about recovery of children under five years old who suffered fiom malaria in terms of management in Community Health Centre of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness and Non Integrated Management of Childhood Illness. Objective: To find out the hfference of recovery of chldren under five years old who suffered fiom malaria in terms of management in Community Health Centre of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness and Non Integrated Management of Childhood Illness. Method: This was an observational study with Cohort retrospective design. The subjects of this research were 200 children whose age between 1 - 5 years old who suffered from malaria. The sample was taken with random sampling and quantitative data was analyzed by using Chi Square and logistic regression. Result: Based on the result of bivariate analysis on five steps of management in Community Health Centre of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness there were four variables, anamnesidphysical diagnosis, treatment, counseling, and follow up, that were the risk factors toward significant recovery of children under five years old who suffered from malaria (P<0,05). In C omm~ tHy e alth Centre of Non Integrated Management of Childhood Illness, there were two variables; anamnesidphysical diagnosis and treatment, that had risk toward signtficant recovery of children under five years old who suffered fiom malaria (P<0,05). There was insignificant difference of recovery of children under five years old who suffered fiom malaria in terms of management in Community Health Centre of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness and Non Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (p>o,05) and indeed, there was no recovery difference in both of Community Health Centre. Furthermore, the result of multivariate analysis showed that two independent variables; anamnesidphysical diagnosis and treatment, and one external variable; education, still had influence toward sigmficant recovery of children under five years old @<0,05). Conclusion: There was no difference of recovery of children under five years old who suffered from malaria in terms of management in Community Health Centre of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness and Non Integrated Management of Childhood Illness.

Kata Kunci : Puskesmas MTBS, malaria, balita, Community Health Centre of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness, malaria, children under five years old