Gambaran Ketersediaan dan Harga Obat Formularium Nasional Kelas Terapi Antibakteri dalam Sistem Katalog Elektronik dan Perbandingannya dengan Harga Referensi Eksternal

DHEFI MARTHA ANGGORO, Dr. apt. Dwi Endarti, M.Sc.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Penerapan kebijakan pengadaan obat pemerintah secara e-purchasing berdasarkan e-catalog di Indonesia tergolong masih baru. Kebijakan ini diterapkan guna menunjang dan mempermudah proses pengadaan obat pemerintah pada pelaksanaan program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). E-catalog obat 2020 baru saja diperbarui pada April 2020 lalu yang mengacu pada Fornas Tahun 2019 dan belum pernah dilakukan evaluasi untuk mengetahui tingkat ketersediaan obat di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat ketersediaan obat Fornas kelas terapi antibakteri pada sistem e-catalog, mengetahui variasi harga obat antibakteri di lima region di Indonesia, serta membandingkan harga obat antibakteri di Indonesia dengan harga referensi eksternal (external reference pricing). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional melalui pendekatan cross-sectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui observasi daring pada daftar obat Fornas 2019, laman e-catalog obat tahun 2018 dan 2020 milik LKPP, serta The International Medical Product Price Guide 2015 Edition dari MSH. Data ketersediaan obat, variasi harga obat antarregion, dan rasio perbandingan harga obat dibandingkan ERP dianalisis secara deskriptif. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 54,13% obat antibakteri dalam Fornas 2019 tayang pada e-catalog obat milik LKPP. Dari total 59 item obat yang tersedia, sebanyak 79,66% tayang pada e-catalog obat tahun 2018 dan 20,34% sisanya tayang pada e-catalog obat tahun 2020. Sebanyak 22 item (33,33%) antibakteri yang tayang pada e-catalog tidak memiliki perbedaan harga antarregion. Rerata persen deviasi harga obat terendah terhadap median harga obat sebesar 3,0%, sementara rerata persen deviasi harga obat tertinggi terhadap median harga obat sebesar 0,9%. Sebesar 56% (harga supplier) dan 63% (harga buyer) harga obat di Indonesia lebih mahal dibandingkan dengan ERP. Rerata rasio perbandingan harga antibakteri di Indonesia dengan ERP sebesar 1,8 (harga supplier) dan 1,9 (harga buyer).

The implementation of e-purchasing procedure for drug procurement process have been initiated in Indonesia. This policy applies in order to support and simplify drug procurement in accordance with Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional. The drug e-catalog which refers to Fornas 2019 was renewed in April 2020. To the time this study was conducted, there were no evaluation to determine the level of drug availability on it. This study aimed to uncover the amount of available Fornas' antibacterial drugs on e-catalog, to determine the price variety of antibacterial drugs in five regions in Indonesia, as well as comparing antibacterial prices in Indonesia to the external reference pricing. This was an observational-analytical descriptive research through a cross-sectional approach. Data collection involved an online observation on Fornas 2019, the 2018 and 2020 drug e-catalog page that belongs to LKPP as well as The International Medical Product Price Guide 2015 Edition published by MSH. Obtained data were then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that as much as 54,13% Fornas' antibacterial drugs appeared on the e-catalog. Out of a total of 59 items, 79,66% drugs were available on the 2018 e-catalog and the rest were accessible on the 2020 e-catalog. A total of 22 items (33,33%) of e-catalog drugs did not have price difference between regions. The average of lowest drug price deviation percentage compared to median price was 3,0%. Furthermore, the average of highest drug price deviation percentage compared to median price was 0,9%. Indonesia's antibacterial price were higher than ERP at the amount of 56% (compared to supplier price) and 63% (compared to buyer price). The average ratio of antibacterial price in Indonesia were 1,8 (supplier price) and 1,9 (buyer price).

Kata Kunci : katalog elektronik, obat, antibakteri, ketersediaan, harga