Pengetahuan, Persepsi, dan Perilaku terkait COVID-19 serta Penerimaan terhadap Vaksin COVID-19 pada Masyarakat di Kota Tasikmalaya

HANISA MAULINA PUTRI, Dr. Anna Wahyuni Widayanti,MPH., Apt.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Penyebaran infeksi virus ini terjadi dengan cepat dan menciptakan ancaman pandemi baru. Pencegahan penyebaran COVID-19 penting dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk mengatasi pandemi COVID-19, sementara penyediaan vaksin masih dalam tahap uji fase klinis III. Tingkat pengetahuan dan persepsi masyarakat terkait COVID-19 akan memengaruhi perilaku masyarakat terhadap pandemi COVID-19 dalam melakukan protokol kesehatan serta penerimaan vaksin COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis kuantitatif terhadap tingkat pengetahuan, persepsi, dan perilaku terkait COVID-19 serta penerimaan terhadap vaksin COVID-19 pada masyarakat di Kota Tasikmalaya. Penelitian kuantitatif dilakukan secara cross-sectional menggunakan kuesioner secara daring. Jumlah responden sebanyak 123 dengan usia lebih dari 18 tahun dan bertempat tinggal di Kota Tasikmalaya. Sampel penelitian dilakukan secara convenience sampling dan data hasil penelitian kuantitatif akan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Kemudian dilihat hubungan antara karakteristik responden, pengetahuan, persepsi, dan perilaku terkait COVID-19 serta penerimaan vaksin COVID-19 menggunakan uji statistik Kruskal-Wallis dan Spearman Rho. Penelitian dilakukan pada Oktober 2020 hingga Februari 2021. Hasil analisis responden memiliki pengetahuan tinggi (67,5%), persepsi positif (52,8%), perilaku positif (61,8%), dan penerimaan vaksin COVID-19 tinggi (72,4%). Hasil uji statistik tidak didapatkan adanya hubungan karakteristik responden dengan pengetahuan dan persepsi terkait COVID-19. Tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan (p=0,641) dan persepsi (p=0,197) dengan perilaku masyarakat setelah adanya pandemi. Tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan (p=0,627) dengan penerimaan vaksin COVID-19. Terdapat hubungan antara persepsi (p=0,012) dengan penerimaan vaksin COVID-19. Persepsi responden yang positif dapat meningkatkan penerimaan responden terhadap vaksin COVID-19.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The spread of this viral infection occurs rapidly and creates a new pandemic threat. It is crucial to prevent the spread of COVID-19 to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic, while vaccine provision is still in the clinical phase III trial phase. The level of public knowledge and perceptions regarding COVID-19 will influence people's behaviour towards the COVID-19 pandemic in carrying out health protocols and receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. This study aims to conduct a quantitative analysis of the level of knowledge, perception, and behaviour related to COVID-19 and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in the community in Tasikmalaya City. This quantitative research was conducted in a cross-sectional manner, using an online questionnaire. The number of respondents was 123, with over 18 years of age and residing in the City of Tasikmalaya. The research sample conducted by convenience sampling and the quantitative research results were analyzed descriptively. Then look at the relationship between respondent characteristics, knowledge, perceptions, and behaviour related to COVID-19 and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine using the Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman Rho statistical tests. The research conducted from October 2020 to February 2021. The results of the analysis of respondents had high knowledge (67,5%), positive perceptions (52,8%), positive behaviour (61,8%), and high acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine (72,4%). The results of statistical tests did not show a significant relationship between respondents' characteristics and their knowledge and perceptions regarding COVID-19. There is no significant relationship between knowledge (p=0,641) and perception (p=0,197) and people's behavior after the pandemic. There was no significant relationship between knowledge (p=0,627) and receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. There is a significant relationship between perception (p=0,012) and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. Positive respondent perceptions can increase respondents' acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Kata Kunci : COVID-19, Vaksin COVID-19, pengetahuan, persepsi, perilaku, penerimaan