Pengaruh anemi pada ibu laktasi terhadap kadar Fe dan Zn ASI, kejadian ISPA dan diare serta status gizi bayi usia 4-6 bulan di kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta

HIDAYATI, Listyani, dr. Hamam Hadi, MS.Sc.D

2002 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Diare dan ISPA pada bayi mash menduduki peringkat teratas sebagai penyebab kematian bayi di Indonesia. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kondisi tersebut antara lain faktor pemberian ASI. Berkaitan dengan faktor pemberian ASI, keadaan status gizi ibu khususnya keadaan kadar Hb yang rendah (anemia) dlperkirakan dapat mempengaruhi jumlah zat gizi (mineral Fe dan Zn) dalam ASI, yang pada akhimya dapat mempengaruhi keadaan kesehatan dan status gizi bayinya. Tujuan Penelitian : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Menganalisis pengaruh anemia pada ibu laktasi terhadap kadar Fe dan Zn dalam ASI; (2) Mengetahui pengaruh anemia pada ibu laktasi terhadap kejadian ISPA bayi usia 4-6 bulan; (3) Mengetahui pengaruh anemia pada ibu laktasi terhadap kejadian diare bayi usia 4-6 bulan; (4) Menganalisis pengaruh anemia pada ibu laktasi terhadap status gizi bayi usia 4-6 bulan. Desain Penelitian : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort. Variabel paparan adalah ibu anemia dan variabel kesudahan adalah keadaan ISPA, diare dan status gizi bayi (berdasarkan WAZ, HAZ dan WHZ). Data anemia ibu diperoleh melalui pengukuran kadar Hb saat usia laktasi 4 bulan. Data antropometri bay dikumpulkan setiap bulan dari usia 4 hingga 6 bulan. Data morbiditas bayi dikumpulkan setiap minggu. Hasil Penelitian : Keadaan anemia pada ibu laktasi tidak mempengaruhi kadar Fe maupun Zn dalam ASI. Tidak ditemukannya pengaruh ini munglun karena seluruh ibu yang anemia hanya mengalami anemia ringan (I-Ib>8 g/dl). Perbedaan ini mungkm baru tampak antara kelompok non anemia dan anemia berat. Tidak adanya pengaruh keadaan anemia pada ibu laktasi terhadap durasi ISPA dan dare kemungkman karena ISPA dan diare berkaitan langsung dengan jumlah atau kadar Fe dalam ASI. Bila dltinjau dari jumlah atau kadar Fe dalam ASI, ternyata bayi yang mendapat Fe AS1 lebih tinggi, durasi ISPA lebih pendek (P

Background : Diarrhea and ARI (acute respiratory infection) on babies is still at the top level as the major cause of infant mortality in Indonesia. One of the factors affecting such a condition is mother breast-feeding. Dealing with the breast-feeding, the condltion of the mother nutrition status, especially the low content of Hb (anemia), is considered to influence the amount of such nutrition as Fe and Zn in the breast milk, which eventually can af€ect the health and the nutrition status of the infant. Research Obiectives : The research was conducted with the following objectives: (1) to analyze the anemic effect of lactating mothers towards the content of Fe and Zn in the breast milk; (2) to know the anemic effect of the women towards the Occurrence of ARI on 4-6 month infants; (3) to know the anemic effect of the women to the occurrence of diarrhea on 4-6 month infants classified into two groups - those who were exposed by anemic mothers and those who were not. Research Design : Cohort design is applied in this study. The exposure variable are anemic mothers and the outcome is the condltion of AFU, dlarrhea, and the infant nutrition status (based on WAZ, HAS, and WHZ). The data of the women anemia were collected through the measurement of the content of Hb in 4-6 month lactating. The data of the infant anthropometrics were collected every month from the age of 4 to 6 months. The data of the infant morbidity was recorded every week. Results : The anemic condition on the lactating women does not Sect the content of Fe and Zn in the breast milk. This might have happened because all the women, when the data collecting was performed, were suffering light anemia (Hb>8 g/dl). The Merence might appear in the comparison between non-anemic and severe anemic groups. The fact that the anemia of lactating women does not influence the duration of diarrhea and ARI might be caused that diarrhea and AFU are dlrectly related to the content of Fe in the breast milk. The amount of Fe in the breast milk shows that the infants who get higher Fe in the breast milk will have shorter duration either for the ARI (P<0.05) or dlarrhea than --’ those who get the lower one. Based on the Z score, the anemia on the lactating women affects simcantly the infant nutrition status (P<0.05). Conclusion : The anemia on the lactating women does not Sect the content of Fe and Zn in the breast milk. The duration of dlarrhea and AFU is not influenced dlrectly by the condltion of the women anemia. The nutrition status of the infants who were not exposed by anemic women is better than those who were exposed by anemic women.

Kata Kunci : Laktasi, Anemia, Air Susu Ibu (ASI), ISPA, Diare, Status Gizi, Lactation, anemia, breast milk, ARI, diarrhea, nutrition status