Pengetahuan, Persepsi, dan Perilaku terhadap COVID-19 serta Penerimaan Vaksin COVID-19 pada Masyarakat di Kabupaten Jember

MERRY YUSTIKA SARI, apt. Anna Wahyuni Widayanti, MPH., Ph.D

2021 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan infeksi coronavirus jenis baru yaitu Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) yang berasal dari Kota Wuhan, Cina pada akhir tahun 2019. Pencegahan dan pengobatan dengan vaksin penting dilakukan untuk mengatasi pandemi COVID-19. Pengetahuan dan persepsi tentang COVID-19 dapat mempengaruhi perilaku masyarakat selama pandemi dan penerimaan vaksin COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis kuantitatif terhadap pengetahuan, persepsi, perilaku selama pandemi COVID-19, serta penerimaan vaksin COVID-19 pada masyarakat di Kabupaten Jember. Penelitian kuantitatif dilakukan secara cross-sectional menggunakan kuesioner daring yang terdiri dari karakteristik sosiodemografi, pengalaman, pengetahuan, persepsi, perilaku, dan penerimaan vaksin COVID-19. Responden yang terlibat sejumlah 116 dengan usia lebih dari 18 tahun, dan bertempat tinggal di Kabupaten Jember. Penelitian dilakukan bulan Oktober 2020 hingga Februari 2021. Sampel penelitian dilakukan secara convenience sampling dan data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Analisis hubungan antara karakteristik responden, pengetahuan, persepsi, perilaku, serta penerimaan vaksin COVID-19 diuji menggunakan uji statistik Kruskal-Wallis dan Spearman�s Rho. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Kabupaten Jember memiliki pengetahuan tinggi (56,90%), persepsi positif (61,21%), perilaku positif (56,03%), dan penerimaan vaksin COVID-19 tinggi (76,72%). Terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin (p=0,004), masyarakat yang bekerja di pelayanan kesehatan (p=0,047), dan jarak rumah masyarakat ke pelayanan kesehatan (p=0,031) dengan pengetahuan mengenai COVID-19. Terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin (p=0,028), riwayat penyakit kronis (0,012), dan pengalaman menjalani tes dan terkena COVID-19 (p=0,023) dengan persepsi terkait COVID-19. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan persepsi dengan perilaku masyarakat selama pandemi COVID-19. Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan (p=0,034) dan persepsi (p=0,000) dengan penerimaan vaksin COVID-19. Kata Kunci: COVID-19, vaksin COVID-19, pengetahuan, persepsi, perilaku, penerimaan

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new type of coronavirus infection, namely Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)) from Wuhan City, China at the end of 2019. Prevention and treatment with vaccines is important to overcome the pandemic COVID-19. Knowledge and perceptions about COVID-19 will influence people's behavior during the pandemic and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccines. This study aims to conduct a quantitative analysis of knowledge, perception, behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in the community in Jember Regency. This quantitative research was conducted in cross-sectional using an online questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic characteristics, experience, knowledge, perception, behavior, and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. The number of respondents who participated were 116 aged over 18 years in the Jember Regency. The study was conducted from October 2020 to February 2021. The research sample was conducted by convenience sampling and the research data were analyzed descriptively. Analysis of the relationship between respondent characteristics, knowledge, perceptions, behavior, and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine was tested using the statistical tests Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman Rho. The results showed that the people of Jember Regency have high knowledge (56.90%), positive perceptions (61.21%), positive behavior (56.03%), and high acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine (76.72%). There is a relationship between gender (p = 0.004), people who work in health services (p = 0.047), and the distance from people's homes to health services (p = 0.031) with knowledge of COVID-19. There was a relationship between gender (p = 0.028), history of chronic disease (0.012), and experience of having tested and exposed to COVID-19 (p = 0.023) with perceptions related to COVID-19. There is no relationship between knowledge and perception with people's behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a relationship between knowledge (p = 0.034) and perception (p = 0.000) with acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. Keywords: COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccine, knowledge, perception, behavior, acceptance

Kata Kunci : COVID-19, vaksin COVID-19, pengetahuan, persepsi, perilaku, penerimaan