PENGARUH EDUKASI PERAWATAN KAKI MENGGUNAKAN WHATSAPP GROUP TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN PRAKTEK PERILAKU PERAWATAN KAKI PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS

YOGI FITRIADI, Prof. dr. Hari Kusnanto, Dr.PH; dr. C. Wahyu Danawati, PhD, Sp-PD, KEMD

2021 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KEDOKTERAN KLINIS

Latar Belakang: Ulkus diabetes masih menjadi salah satu komplikasi penyakit diabetes yang menyebabkan tingginya biaya kesehatan untuk perawatan dan penyebab kecacatan pada penderita diabetes karena amputasi kaki. Ulkus diabetes dapat dicegah dengan mengontrol kadar gula darah dan melakukan perawatan kaki mandiri dengan benar. Dokter layanan primer dapat memberikan pengetahuan mengenai praktek perilaku perawatan kaki mandiri kepada masyarakat melalui Whatsapp Group. Whatsapp Group sebagai salah satu media sosial yang mudah diakses melalui handphone. Media sosial ini dapat menjadi sarana untuk melakukan promosi kesehatan kepada masyarakat secara terus menerus dan berkesinambungan. Tujuan: mengetahui pengaruh edukasi perawatan kaki menggunakan Whatsapp Group terhadap pengetahuan dan praktek perilaku perawatan kaki pasien diabetes mellitus. Metode: penelitian ini merupakan studi quasi experimental one group pretest and posttest design. Sampel diperoleh dengan purposive sampling dari pasien diabetes yang berkunjung dan mengikuti kegiatan Prolanis (Program Penanggulangan Penyakit Kronis) di Klinik Pratama Elisabeth Semarang pada bulan Desember 2020-Januari 2021. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Friedman dan post Hoc Wilcoxon. Hasil: Pasien diabetes yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 36. Nilai median dan nilai minimal-maksimal skor pengetahuan pretest sebelum diberikan edukasi kesehatan melalui Whatsapp Group = 10 (4-13) dan skor praktek perilaku = 40 (21-56). Segera setelah diberikan edukasi kesehatan didapatkan skor pengetahuan = 12 (9-14) dan skor praktek perilaku = 49,5 (23-69). Satu bulan setelah edukasi kesehatan diperoleh skor pengetahuan = 13 (9-14) dan skor praktek perilaku = 50 (26-73). Dari uji Friedman didapatkan nilai p = 0,00 (<0,05) dan uji post hoc Wilcoxon didapatkan nilai p = 0,00 (<0,05) untuk skor pengetahuan dan praktek perilaku sebelum dan segera serta satu bulan setelah intervensi. Hasil uji post hoc Wilcoxon didapatkan nilai p = 0,243 dan p = 0,793 untuk skor pengetahuan dan praktek perilaku segera dan satu bulan setelah intervensi. Kesimpulan: Edukasi perawatan kaki melalui Whatsapp Group berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan dan praktek perilaku perawatan kaki pasien diabetes mellitus. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan prakek perilaku perawatan kaki setelah pemberian edukasi kesehatan melalui Whatsapp Group. Kata Kunci: Edukasi Perawatan Kaki, Pengetahuan, Praktek Perilaku Perawatan Kaki, Whatsapp Group, Diabetes

Background: Diabetic ulcers are still one of the complications of diabetes that cause high health costs for treatment and cause disability in diabetics due to leg amputation. Diabetic ulcers can be prevented by properly controlling blood sugar levels and foot care practice. Primary care doctors can provide knowledge about foot care practice to the community through the Whatsapp Group. Whatsapp Group as one of the social media that is easily accessible via handphone can be a media to carry out health promotion to the community continuously. The aim of the study: Determine the impact of foot care education through Whatsapp Group on knowledge and foot care practice of diabetic patients. Methode: This research was a quasi experimental one group pretest and posttest design study. Samples were obtained by purposive sampling from diabetic patients who visited and participated in Prolanis (Program Penanggulangan Penyakit Kronis) activities at the Elisabet Primary Healthcare Clinic Semarang in December 2020 until January 2021. Data were analyzed using the Friedman test and post Hoc Wilcoxon test. Results: Thirty six diabetic patients met the inclusion criteria. The median, minimum, and maximum score of the foot care knowledge before foot care education through Whatsapp Group was 10 (4-13) and the score of foot care practice was 40 (21-56). Immediately after foot care education, the score of knowledge was 12 (9-14) and foot care practice was 49.5 (23-69). One month after foot care education, the knowledge score was 13 (9-14) and the foot care practice score was 50 (26-73). From the Friedman test, it was obtained p value = 0.00 (<0.05) and the Wilcoxon post hoc test was obtained p value = 0.00 (<0.05) for the knowledge and foot care practice before and immediately-one month after the intervention. The post hoc Wilcoxon test results was obtained p value = 0.243 and p = 0.793 for the score of knowledge and foot care practice immediately and one month after the intervention. Conclusion: Foot care education through Whatsapp Group has an impact on knowledge and foot care practice for diabetic patients. There is an increase in knowledge and foot care practice after providing education through Whatsapp Group. Keywords: Foot Care Education, Whatsapp Group, Knowledge, Foot Care Practice, Diabetes

Kata Kunci : Edukasi Perawatan Kaki, Pengetahuan, Praktek Perilaku Perawatan Kaki, Whatsapp Group, Diabetes