Serangan Hama Ngengat Lilin pada Koloni Lebah Madu (Apis cerana) di Hutan Pendidikan Wanagama I

HATA RAHARJO, Dr. Ir. Musyafa', M.Sc.; Atus Syahbudin, S.Hut., M.Agr., Ph.d.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Awal tahun 2019 terjadi serangan besar hama pada koloni Apis cerana di Hutan Pendidikan Wanagama I. Banyak hama ditemukan di dalam stup-stup. Sebagian besar hama yang ditemukan adalah ngengat lilin yang menyerang sarang lebah. Beberapa penelitian terkait lebah madu pernah dilakukan di HPW I, tetapi belum ada yang mengamati hama dan penyakit. Oleh karena itu, penelitian mengenai hama ngengat lilin menjadi hal yang menarik untuk dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis hama ngengat lilin yang mengganggu koloni Apis cerana dan luas serangan serta intensitas serangan hama ngengat lilin di Hutan Pendidikan Wanagama I. Penelitian dilakukan di empat lokasi yang ada di Hutan Pendidikan Wanagama I. Penentuan lokasi dilakukan dengan purpossive sampling. Lokasi 1 berada di petak 17, lokasi 2 berada di petak 17, lokasi 3 berada di petak 14, dan lokasi 4 berada di perbatasan petak 13 dan 14. Pengamatan lapangan dilakukan dalam dua waktu, yaitu musim kemarau (Juli-Agustus 2019) dan musim hujan (Januari-Februari 2020). Penelitian diawali dengan menentukan lokasi penelitian, kemudian mengamati sarang yang terserang di lapangan dan mengambil sampel, lalu melakukan identifikasi sampel hama di lapangan, dan melakukan perhitungan luas dan intensitas serangan dari hasil data di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ngengat yang menyerang koloni Apis cerana adalah Galleria mellonella. Luas serangan pada pengamatan musim kemarau lebih tinggi dibandingkan luas serangan pada musim hujan. Pada lokasi 4 ditemukan angka luas serangan paling tinggi (83%). Intensitas serangan pada pengamatan musim kemarau juga menunjukkan angka yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan saat musim hujan. Lokasi 1 dan lokasi 4 menunjukkan angka intensitas serangan tertinggi (42%). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa pada musim kemarau terjadi angka serangan terbanyak sehingga perlu dijadikan pertimbangan dalam pengelolaan bagi para peternak ketika mulai memasuki bulan tersebut.

In early 2019, there was a major pest attack on the Apis cerana colonies in the Wanagama Education Forest I. Many pests were found in beehives in this area. Most of the pests found were wax moths. Several studies in honey bees have been conducted at Wanagama Education Forest I, but no research has observed pests and diseases. Therefore, research on wax moth pest is an interesting topic. This study aims to determine the species of wax moth pest in the Wanagama Education Forest I and area of damage and intensity of damage. The research was conducted at four locations in the Wanagama Eco Edu Forest I. Location of the study was determined by purposive sampling. Location 1 and 2 were located on compartment 17, location 3 was located on compartment 14, and location 4 was located on the border of compartment 13 and compartment 14. Field observation was divided into two periods, the first was in Dry Season (July-August 2019), and the second was in Rainy Season (January-February 2020). This study was starting from determining the location, observing attacked beehives, then identifying the pest samples in the field, and calculating the area and intensity of damage from the data. The study result showed that the month attacked Apis cerana was Galleria mellonella. Area of damage in dry season period was higher than in rainy season. The highest area of damage was Location 4 (83%). Intensity of damage in dry season also showed higher rate than in rainy season observation period. Location 1 and Location 4 showed the highest intensity of damage (42%). Based on this study result, the highest attack rate number was occurred in dry season, so that it could be a consideration to management for beekeepers when going to enter that period.

Kata Kunci : Hama, Ngengat lilin, Apis cerana, Hutan Pendidikan Wanagama I