NARRATIVE REVIEW : ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS PADA TERAPI KANKER KOLOREKTAL

MUFLIHAH A A, Dr. Ika Puspitasari, M.Si., Apt.; Mawardi Ihsan, S. Farm., M.Sc., Apt.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Adverse drug reactions menjadi topik utama yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam pemberian terapi antikanker bagi pasien penderita kanker kolorektal. Reaksi tersebut terjadi dalam rentang dosis terapi dan memicu timbulnya berbagai masalah seperti efek samping dan/atau efek toksik. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini penting untuk menekan kejadian ADRs. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengulas faktor risiko ADRs, manifestasi klinis dan manajemen ADRs dari pemberian terapi antikanker. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah narrative review. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan artikel ilmiah dari database daring seperti PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, CochraneLibrary, ProQuest, dan EBSCOhost. Kata kunci yang digunakan untuk mencari artikel secara umum meliputi "adverse drug reactions", "colorectal cancer", "colon cancer", "rectal cancer", "chemotherapy", dan "targeted therapy". Artikel harus memenuhi kriteria inklusi seperti dipublikasi antara 1 Januari 2010 hingga 31 Oktober 2020 dan tidak termasuk dalam kriteria eksklusi seperti tidak menyediakan full text. Sebanyak 30 artikel digunakan untuk menjawab rumusan masalah penelitian. Mayoritas manifestasi klinis terapi kanker kolorektal adalah neutropenia, diare, mual, muntah, ruam kulit, hipertensi. Faktor yang berpotensi memengaruhi ADRs adalah jenis kelamin dan usia. Adapun manajemen untuk meminimalisasi insiden ADRs secara umum adalah modifikasi dosis atau penghentian sementara terapi, monitoring terapi, pemberian profilaksis, herbal, latihan fisik, dan menghindari faktor pemicu.

Adverse drug reactions are a major topic that must be considered in administering anticancer therapy for patients with colorectal cancer. These reactions occur within a range of therapeutic doses and trigger various problems such as side effects and/or toxic effects. One of the ADRs occurrence in anticancer therapy is dermatological symptoms such as itching and skin rashes. The aim of this study is to review the ADRs risk factors, the ADRs manifestation, and the ADRs management from the administration of anticancer therapy. The research method used is a narrative review. The research method employed is narrative review was conducted by collecting scientific articles from online databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, CochraneLibrary, ProQuest, and EBSCOhost. In general, "adverse drug reactions", "colorectal cancer", "colon cancer", "rectal cancer," chemotherapy, and "targeted therapy" were used as keyword to find the articles. Articles must meet the inclusion criteria as published from1 January 2010 to 31 October 2020 and excluded from the exclusion criteria such as not providing the full text. Thirty articles were used to answer the formulation of research problems. The majority of clinical manifestations of colorectal cancer therapy are neutropenia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, skin rash, hypertension. Factors that could potentially affect ADRs are gender and age. The management to minimize the incidence of ADRs in general is modification of dosage or temporary suspension of therapy, monitoring therapy, giving prophylaxis, herbs, physical exercise, and avoiding trigger factors.

Kata Kunci : Adverse drug reactions, kanker kolorektal, kemoterapi, terapi tertarget.