PERKEMBANGAN HUKUM PELINDUNGAN PATEN TERHADAP UPAYA PEMENUHAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

MARVIN ABRAHAM, Dr. Veri Antoni, S.H., M.Hum.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 HUKUM

Penulisan Hukum ini secara objektif bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan pelindungan hukum paten untuk produk sediaan farmasi sejak diberlakukan TRIPs pada tingkat kesepakatan internasional dan menganalisis ketentuan perundang-undangan di Indonesia dalam menerapkan fleksibilitas TRIPs. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif-yuridis dan dengan menggunakan pendekatan historis (historical approach). Penelitian normatif dilakukan dengan mengkaji data hukum dan kepustakaan yang didukung dengan hasil wawancara narasumber yang relevan. Penelitian hukum ini berfokus pada penelitian terhadap taraf sinkronisasi vertikal dan horizontal, perbandingan hukum, dan sejarah hukum. Penulis melakukan studi kepustakaan dengan memanfaatkan perpustakaan dan teknologi internet, serta wawancara dilakukan jarak jauh secara daring. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif yang disusun secara sistematis, diteliti secara utuh, dan dikelola untuk menjawab permasalahan yang ada. Kesimpulan yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini adalah 1). Hukum paten untuk produk sediaan farmasi telah mengalami perkembangan yang berdasarkan perbedaan kepentingan negara maju dan negara berkembang. Sejak pemberlakuan TRIPs, negara-negara anggota TRIPs mengusahakan kesamaan interpretasi yaitu dalam Deklarasi Doha, yang kemudian dikuatkan dalam Amandemen TRIPs. 2).Ketentuan perundang-undangan Indonesia dan kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia telah menerapkan fleksibilitas TRIPs dan telah mengupayakan hukum pelindungan paten yang adil, terutama untuk akses kesehatan masyarakat. Ketentuan tersebut tertuang dalam UU Paten 1989 sebelum adanya TRIPs, UU Paten 1997, UU Paten 2001, dan terakhir adalah UU Paten 2016. Perubahan undang-undang tersebut mengacu pada perubahan hukum paten Internasional.

This legal research objectively aims to analyze the development of the legal protection of patent for the pharmaceutical supply products since the enforcement of TRIPs at the international level agreement and to analyze the provision of the legislations in Indonesia in applying the flexibility of TRIPs. This research is descriptive in nature with a normative-juridical legal research method and by using historical approach. Normative research is conducted by analyzing the legal data and literature which supported with the information gained through the interviews with the relevant sources. This legal research focuses on research towards the level of vertical and horizontal synchronization, legal comparison, and the legal history. The author conducted literary study by using libraries and internet technology, and interviews were conducted remotely with online means. The data analysis was carried out qualitatively which arranged systematically, thoroughly researched, and managed to resolve the existing problems. The conclusions resulting from this research are 1). Patent Law for pharmaceutical has undergone developments due to different interests of developed countries and developing countries, which resulted in different interpretations that are detrimental towards the society in receiving public health access. Since the enforcement of TRIPs, the member countries of TRIPs strive to have a uniformity on the interpretation, which is through the Doha Declaration then was later strengthened in the Amendment of TRIPs. 2). The provisions of Indonesian Laws and the Policies of the Indonesian Government have implemented the flexibility of TRIPs and have pursued fair legal protection of patent, particularly on public health access. Those provisions are stipulated under Patent Law 1989 prior to the existence of TRIPs, Patent Law 1997, Patent Law 2001, and most recently Patent Law 2016. The amendment to the Laws refers to the changes in International Patent Law.

Kata Kunci : Hukum Paten, Fleksibilitas TRIPs, Akses Kesehatan Masyarakat/Patent Law, Flexibility of TRIPs, Public Health Access