KONSTRUKSI ALAT DIAGNOSIS DISLEKSIA UNTUK ANAK INDONESIA USIA 7-11 TAHUN

TRUBUS RAHARJO, Supra Wimbarti, M.Sc., Ph.D; Prof. Dr. Saifuddin Azwar, MA

2021 | Disertasi | DOKTOR ILMU PSIKOLOGI

Disleksia adalah ketidakmampuan belajar spesifik dari faktor neurologis, ditandai dengan ketidakmampuan dalam memproses kata dengan lancar. Adapun anak dengan disleksia dapat didiagnosis sejak masuk usia sekolah. Belum adanya alat tes untuk mendiagnosis anak-anak dengan disleksia di Indonesia merupakan masalah bagi sekolah, untuk itu diperlukan tes yang dapat dipakai mendiagnosis disleksia pada anak dengan karakteristik bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun alat diagnosis disleksia menggunakan bahasa Indonesia, dengan berpedoman pada kriteria diagnosis ketidakmampuan belajar spesifik dalam DSM-5. Konstruk alat diagnosis disleksia didasarkan pada teori hipotesis defisit cerebellar. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah anak-anak berusia 7-11 tahun, dengan total 668 partisipan. Penyusunan tes diagnosis disleksia dilakukan melalui tahapan proses pengukuran untuk mendapatkan validitas dan reliabilitas dengan standar pengukuran psikometri. Berdasarkan hasil uji validitas indikator item diperoleh indeks koefisian sebesar 0,838-0,955. Adapun pada uji validitas daya beda item, diperoleh hasil indeks diskriminasi antara 0,59-0,94, serta hasil reliabilitas Alpha sebesar 0,959. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa alat diagnosis disleksia memiliki indeks validitas dan reliabilitas alat ukur yang baik sehingga alat diagnosis disleksia yang dibuat dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk mendiagnosis anak dengan disleksia.

Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty from neurological factors, characterized by recognizing words difficulty or an inability to process words fluently. The problem with dyslexic children is a persistent condition of disorders by difficulties in spelling, reading, and writing, such as difficulty in spelling and reading that are similar alphabets like b, d, or p, furthermore children with dyslexia can be diagnosed since entering school age. Nothingness a measuring test to diagnose children with dyslexia in Indonesia is a problem for schools, for this reason, tests are needed to diagnose dyslexia in children according to the characteristics of the Indonesian language. This study aims to develop the tool of a dyslexia diagnosis using the Indonesian language, which is guided by specific learning difficulty diagnosis criteria in DSM-5. The construct test of the diagnosis dyslexia is based on the theory of the cerebellar deficit hypothesis. Participants in this study were children with 7-11 years age, a total of 668 participants. The preparation of dyslexic diagnosis has been carried out through the stages of the measurement process to obtain validity and reliability by psychometric measurement standards and based on the results of the validity test on item indicators obtained index results of 0.838-0.955. In the item discrimination test, the results were obtained between 0.59-0.94 with the result of Alpha reliability of 0.959. Based on these results shows that the dyslexia diagnosis tool has good validity and reliability measuring devices so that the dyslexia diagnosis tool that is made can be used as a tool to diagnose children with dyslexia.

Kata Kunci : disleksia, neurologi, diagnosis, validitas, reliabilitas, dyslexia, neurology, diagnosis, validity, reliability