HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN UNTUK VAKSINASI HEPATITIS B PADA PESERTA DIDIK PENDIDIKAN DOKTER SPESIALIS BARU RSUP DR. SARDJITO YOGYAKARTA : PENELITIAN KUANTITATIF DAN KUALITATIF

TITIEN FITRIA S, dr. Deshinta Putri Mulya, M.Sc.Sp.PD.KAI.; dr. Fahmi Indarti,Sp.PD.KGEH

2021 | Tesis-Spesialis | ILMU PENYAKIT DALAM

Latar belakang. Hepatitis B merupakan masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Penularan hepatitis B dapat melalui Needle Stick Injury (NSI). NSI merupakan kecelakaan kerja pada petugas kesehatan, yang dapat menularkan penyakit HIV, hepatitis B dan hepatitis C. Di RSUP Dr. Sardjito tahun 2018 terdapat 42 pekerja terkena NSI, dengan komposisi terbanyak perawat dan peserta Program Pendidikan Dokter Spesialis (PPDS). Vaksinasi hepatitis B dapat mencegah transmisi hepatitis B, tetapi di RSUP Dr. Sardjito belum ada kebijakan tertulis tentang pemberian vaksinasi hepatitis B untuk PPDS. Belum ada penelitian tentang pengetahuan, sikap terhadap vaksinasi hepatitis B maupun penelitian kualitatif tentang alasan belum melakukan vaksinasi hepatitis B pada PPDS baru di RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Tujuan. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap keputusan vaksinasi hepatitis B pada PPDS baru di RSUP Dr. Sardjito, dan alasan belum melakukan vaksinasi hepatitis B. Diharapkan dengan hasil penelitian ini, dapat menjadi dasar menentukan kebijakan manajemen RSUP Dr.Sardjito tentang vaksinasi hepatitis B pada PPDS. Metode. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan cross sectional, consecutive sampling, dengan kuesioner, yang akan dianalisa dengan menggunakan univariat, dan bivariate dengan korelasi biserial poin. Dilanjutkan penelitian kualitatif pada PPDS yang belum melakukan vaksinasi hepatitis B, diwawancara tentang alasannya kenapa belum melakukan vaksinasi hepatitis B. Hasil Penelitian. Subjek sebanyak 121 orang diberikan kuesioner, dianalisa korelasi biserial poin tentang hubungan pengetahuan dengan keputusan vaksinasi hepatitis B, didapatkan r=0,076;p=0,406; hubungan sikap dan keputusan vaksinasi hepatitis B, r=0,072; p=0,435. Hasil wawancara alasan belum melakukan vaksinasi hepatitis B, domain lingkungan yaitu dari RSUP Dr. Sardjito tidak mewajibkan vaksinasi hepatitis, para PPDS tidak tahu mekanisme dan prosedur vaksin di RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Domain kesibukan tidak ada waktu dan dianggap merepotkan, serta domain biaya. Untuk domain persepsi tentang vaksin dari sudut kepercayaan bukan menjadi alasan tidak melakukan vaksinasi hepatitis B. Kesimpulan. Tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap keputusan untuk melakukan vaksinasi hepatitis B pada PPDS baru di RSUP Dr. Sardjito. Sedangkan penelitian kualitatif tentang alasan belum melakukan vaksin adalah domain lingkungan, domain kesibukan, serta domain biaya.

Background. Hepatitis B is a health issue in Indonesia. Hepatitis B transmission can be through Needle Stick Injury (NSI). NSI is a work accident for health workers, that can transmit HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C. At Dr. Sardjito General Hospital in 2018, there were 42 workers affected by NSI, with the largest composition of nurses and medical resident. Hepatitis B vaccination can prevent hepatitis B transmission, but at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, there is no written policy regarding hepatitis B vaccination for medical resident. There is no research on knowledge, attitudes towards hepatitis B vaccination or qualitative research on the reasons for not vaccinating hepatitis B at the first year medical student at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital. Objective. This research aimed to find out the relation between knowledge and attitudes towards hepatitis B vaccination decisions in the first year medical resident at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, and the reasons for not vaccinating for hepatitis B. It is expected that the results of this research can become the basis for determining the management policy of Dr.Sardjito General Hospital regarding hepatitis B vaccination in medical resident. Method. Quantitative research used cross sectional, consecutive sampling, with a questionnaire, that would be analyzed using univariate, and bivariate with point biserial correlation. It was continued with qualitative research on medical resident who had not vaccinated against hepatitis B, interviewed about the reasons why they had not vaccinated against hepatitis B. Result. 121 people as subjects were given a questionnaire. The biserial correlation points were analyzed about the association between knowledge and hepatitis B vaccination decisions that was obtained r = 0.076, p = 0.406; association between attitudes and hepatitis B vaccination decisions, r = 0.072; p = 0.435. The results of the interview about the reasons why they had not vaccinated against hepatitis B, the environmental domain was from Dr. Sardjito General Hospital. It did not require hepatitis vaccination, the medical resident did not know the mechanism and procedure of the vaccine at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital. The busy domain had no time and it was considered a hassle, as well as the cost domain. For the domain of perception about vaccines from a belief point of view was not a reason for not vaccinating hepatitis B. Conclusion. There is no association between knowledge and attitudes towards the decision to conduct hepatitis B vaccination for the first year medical resident at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital. Meanwhile, qualitative research on the reasons for not vaccinating is in the environmental domain that Dr. Sardjito General Hospital does not require hepatitis B vaccination and medical resident do not know the mechanism and procedure of the vaccine, busy domain, and cost domain.

Kata Kunci : pengetahuan, sikap, keputusan vaksin, hepatitis B,kualitatif, knowledge, attitudes, vaccine decisions, hepatitis B, mixed metho