P yang berarti bahwa Subjek mengatasi predikat di sisi-Nya. Dari sisi-Nya, hanya Tuhanlah Subjek yang sejati dan abadi, yang di sisi-Nya dikenai berbagai predikat. Filsafat Organisme Alfred North Whitehead tidak memandang sama antara Tuhan dan Dunia, akan tetapi keduanya bisa saj a makin mendekati kesamaan, yaitu pada momentum Aphostheoszs. Permanensi dari eksistensi Substansi Pengada sulit ditentukan, dikarenakan dalam pemikiran Alfred North Whitehead, setiap Pengada secara organis selalu berproses dan berelasi dengan Pengada lainnya ABSTRACT This research is aimed to explore and reveal the importance of understanding the essence of reality based on Alfred North Whitehead’s Organism Philosophy for the development of understanding metaphysically the nature of reality in daily life, and development of the science. The analyhcal approach that will be applied is a comprehensive study on the metaphysical Alfred North Whitehead’s which concerns with one of the important problem in philosophycal discourse, i.e. the problems of reality. The research is carried out through library research by used several books of Alfred North Whitehead as the primary source and some books of other thinkers which study a matter of reality and philosophical reflection by Abed North Whitehead, that are considered representative to support the primary source. The method is hermeneutic which comprises of description, comparation, and reflection. Alfred North Whitehead’s Organism Philosophy is a construct of philosophical reflection to which gives philosophy bases for the concept of reality which is synthetic, comprehensive, and organic. According to Whitehead, reality is not constructed of constant object, but of accurence, events, experience as a community of actual entity, which interact one to another. The reality is radical dynamism; the most ultimate of ontology is creativity not as substance, but as a concrete events. In the system of organism philosophy of Whitehead’s, is used some basic concept namely, actual entity, creativity, God, eternal object, and prehension. Whitehead used “Speculative Philosophy†to approach general theory about reality which comprises: rationally, coherently, and empirically. The overall reality, based on Whitehead’s Organi’sm Philosophy, is actual entity which to essentially is events or accurence which only be understood for symbolic meaning of eternal objects. All the existing rdty is only understood in the frame of Creativity, and takes part the existence of God as the first existence of “creativityâ€, which than each of which create its potential entity. Whitehead realized that the nature of reality as a qomplex experience is difficult to formulate in the form of knowledge, which enables to accommodate the whole experience due to the language limitedness. Whitehead has constructed general and integrated thinking to comprehend reality thoroughly, imaginative generalization method. This method by mean of start fiom certain concrete experience to find the basic structure generally. Whitehead made hard attempts synthesis empirical thinking and rational thinking. He also synthesis deductive and inductive method. In the level of actual entity of reality or the real subject in the world, the understanding of reality prevails the law of S < P which means that Subject is narrower or more concrete than Predicate. In the level of transcendental world, the understanding of reality prevails transcendental logic with the law of S = P which means that the content of value of the subject is the same with as the predicate. In the level of “Divinity prevails the logic law which for God, S > P which means that Subject is superior than the Predicate at his sides From God’s side, the only subject is God, Who is eternal and non-temporal. Organism philosophy of Whitehead does not consider God same as world, it is different from Pan-theism which considers God and world as the same. But, both can be similar at the Aphostheosis moment. The permanence of existence of Being Substance is difficult to determine, because according to Whitehead thought every Being always in the process organically processes and relates to another Being"> P yang berarti bahwa Subjek mengatasi predikat di sisi-Nya. Dari sisi-Nya, hanya Tuhanlah Subjek yang sejati dan abadi, yang di sisi-Nya dikenai berbagai predikat. Filsafat Organisme Alfred North Whitehead tidak memandang sama antara Tuhan dan Dunia, akan tetapi keduanya bisa saj a makin mendekati kesamaan, yaitu pada momentum Aphostheoszs. Permanensi dari eksistensi Substansi Pengada sulit ditentukan, dikarenakan dalam pemikiran Alfred North Whitehead, setiap Pengada secara organis selalu berproses dan berelasi dengan Pengada lainnya ABSTRACT This research is aimed to explore and reveal the importance of understanding the essence of reality based on Alfred North Whitehead’s Organism Philosophy for the development of understanding metaphysically the nature of reality in daily life, and development of the science. The analyhcal approach that will be applied is a comprehensive study on the metaphysical Alfred North Whitehead’s which concerns with one of the important problem in philosophycal discourse, i.e. the problems of reality. The research is carried out through library research by used several books of Alfred North Whitehead as the primary source and some books of other thinkers which study a matter of reality and philosophical reflection by Abed North Whitehead, that are considered representative to support the primary source. The method is hermeneutic which comprises of description, comparation, and reflection. Alfred North Whitehead’s Organism Philosophy is a construct of philosophical reflection to which gives philosophy bases for the concept of reality which is synthetic, comprehensive, and organic. According to Whitehead, reality is not constructed of constant object, but of accurence, events, experience as a community of actual entity, which interact one to another. The reality is radical dynamism; the most ultimate of ontology is creativity not as substance, but as a concrete events. In the system of organism philosophy of Whitehead’s, is used some basic concept namely, actual entity, creativity, God, eternal object, and prehension. Whitehead used “Speculative Philosophy†to approach general theory about reality which comprises: rationally, coherently, and empirically. The overall reality, based on Whitehead’s Organi’sm Philosophy, is actual entity which to essentially is events or accurence which only be understood for symbolic meaning of eternal objects. All the existing rdty is only understood in the frame of Creativity, and takes part the existence of God as the first existence of “creativityâ€, which than each of which create its potential entity. Whitehead realized that the nature of reality as a qomplex experience is difficult to formulate in the form of knowledge, which enables to accommodate the whole experience due to the language limitedness. Whitehead has constructed general and integrated thinking to comprehend reality thoroughly, imaginative generalization method. This method by mean of start fiom certain concrete experience to find the basic structure generally. Whitehead made hard attempts synthesis empirical thinking and rational thinking. He also synthesis deductive and inductive method. In the level of actual entity of reality or the real subject in the world, the understanding of reality prevails the law of S < P which means that Subject is narrower or more concrete than Predicate. In the level of transcendental world, the understanding of reality prevails transcendental logic with the law of S = P which means that the content of value of the subject is the same with as the predicate. In the level of “Divinity prevails the logic law which for God, S > P which means that Subject is superior than the Predicate at his sides From God’s side, the only subject is God, Who is eternal and non-temporal. Organism philosophy of Whitehead does not consider God same as world, it is different from Pan-theism which considers God and world as the same. But, both can be similar at the Aphostheosis moment. The permanence of existence of Being Substance is difficult to determine, because according to Whitehead thought every Being always in the process organically processes and relates to another Being">
Konsep realitas dalam filsafat organisme Alfred North Whitehead
PURWOSAPUTRO, Supriyono, Dr. Damardjati Supadjar
2002 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu FilsafatPenelitian ini bertujuan melakukan eksplorasi dan mengungkapkan arti pentingnya pemahaman makna realitas berdasarkan pemikiran Filsafat Organisme Alfred North Whitehead., bagi perkembangan pemahaman secara metafisis mengenai hakekat realitas dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, dan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah diskriptif analitik dengan melakukan studi komprehensif terhadap pemi kiran metafisis Alfred North Whitehead berkenaan dengan satu masalah penting dalam diskursus filsafat, yaitu persoalan realitas. Penelitian dilakukan melalui cara studi pustaka dengan menempatkan beberapa buku karya Alfred North Whitehead sebagai sumber primer dan buku-buku pemikir lainnya yang mengkaj i persoalan realitas dan pemikiran filsafati Alfred North Whitehead yang dianggap representatif sebagai pendukung sumber utama. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah hermeneutika yang unsur-unsurnya meliputi : deskripsi, komparasi, dan refleksi. Filsafat Organisme Alfred North Whitehead merupakan sebuah konstruk pemikiran filsafat yang hendak memberikan landasan filosofis terhadap konsep realitas yang bersifat sintesis, komprehensif,dan organis. Oleh karena itu bagi Alfred North Whitehead, realitas tidak tersusun dari benda-benda yang bersifat tetap, melainkan saling berinteraksi. Realitas bersifat dinamisme radikal, dasar ontologis paling ultima dalah Kreativitas, bukan sebagai substansi, melainkan sebagai peristiwa konkret. Dalam Filsafat Organisme Alfred North Whitehead, digunakan beberapa pengertian dasar, yaitu : entitas aktual, kreativitas, Tuhan, objek-objek abadi, dan prehensi. Pendekatan yang digunakan ,Alfred North Whitehead dalam menerangkan teori umum tentang realitas adalah peqdekatan "Filsafat Spekulatif " yang mencakup sisi rasional dan koheren, serta sisi empiris atau aplikatif. Keseluruhan realitas menurut Alfred North Whitehead adalah entitas aktual yang hakikatnya merupakan peristiwa atau kejadian yang hanya bisa dipahami dalam kerangka makna-makna simbolik dari objek-objek abadi. Semua realitas yang ada juga dipahami dalam rangka kreativitas, dan mengambil bagian keberadaan Tuhan sebagai penvujudan perdana dari ' Kreativitas ', yang selanjutnya masing-masimg mewujudkan potensi entitasnya. Alfred North Whitehead menyadari bahwa hakikat realitas sebagai pengalaman yang komplek itu sulit untuk dirumuskan ke dalam bentuk pengetahuan yang mampu memuat atau menampung keseluruhan pengalaman secara utuh, karena faktor keterbatasan bahasa. Oleh karena itu Alfred North Whitehead beranggapan bahwa pengalaman senantiasalebih luas dari pengetahuan. Alfred North Whitehead membangun skema pemikiran umum dan terpadu untuk memahami realitas secara menyeluruh dan utuh, melaui pendekatan filsafat spekulatif dengan menerapkan metode perampatan imaj inatif (imaginative generalization). Metode ini berangkat dari suatu pengalaman konkret tertentu kemudian dicari struktur dasarnya yang berlaku umum. Alfred North Whitehead berupaya untuk mensintesiskan model pemkiran empirisme dan model pemikiran rasionalisme, disamping itu secara metodologis Whitehead juga melakukan sintesis metode deduktif dan metode induktif. Dalam tataran realitas entitas aktual atau subjek yang nyata di dunia, pemahaman akan realitas berlaku hukum S < P yang berarti bahwa Subjek itu lebih sempit atau lebih konkret dari pada Predikat. Dalam tataran ‘dunia transendental’ (agamawi), pemahaman terhadap realitas berlaku ‘logika transendental’ yang hukumnya S = P ynag berarti bahwa isi nilai dari Subjek itu sama dengan has atau teba berlakunya Predikat. Pada tataran ‘Nilai Ketuhanan’ berlaku hukum logika yang bagi-Nya, S > P yang berarti bahwa Subjek mengatasi predikat di sisi-Nya. Dari sisi-Nya, hanya Tuhanlah Subjek yang sejati dan abadi, yang di sisi-Nya dikenai berbagai predikat. Filsafat Organisme Alfred North Whitehead tidak memandang sama antara Tuhan dan Dunia, akan tetapi keduanya bisa saj a makin mendekati kesamaan, yaitu pada momentum Aphostheoszs. Permanensi dari eksistensi Substansi Pengada sulit ditentukan, dikarenakan dalam pemikiran Alfred North Whitehead, setiap Pengada secara organis selalu berproses dan berelasi dengan Pengada lainnya
ABSTRACT This research is aimed to explore and reveal the importance of understanding the essence of reality based on Alfred North Whitehead’s Organism Philosophy for the development of understanding metaphysically the nature of reality in daily life, and development of the science. The analyhcal approach that will be applied is a comprehensive study on the metaphysical Alfred North Whitehead’s which concerns with one of the important problem in philosophycal discourse, i.e. the problems of reality. The research is carried out through library research by used several books of Alfred North Whitehead as the primary source and some books of other thinkers which study a matter of reality and philosophical reflection by Abed North Whitehead, that are considered representative to support the primary source. The method is hermeneutic which comprises of description, comparation, and reflection. Alfred North Whitehead’s Organism Philosophy is a construct of philosophical reflection to which gives philosophy bases for the concept of reality which is synthetic, comprehensive, and organic. According to Whitehead, reality is not constructed of constant object, but of accurence, events, experience as a community of actual entity, which interact one to another. The reality is radical dynamism; the most ultimate of ontology is creativity not as substance, but as a concrete events. In the system of organism philosophy of Whitehead’s, is used some basic concept namely, actual entity, creativity, God, eternal object, and prehension. Whitehead used “Speculative Philosophy†to approach general theory about reality which comprises: rationally, coherently, and empirically. The overall reality, based on Whitehead’s Organi’sm Philosophy, is actual entity which to essentially is events or accurence which only be understood for symbolic meaning of eternal objects. All the existing rdty is only understood in the frame of Creativity, and takes part the existence of God as the first existence of “creativityâ€, which than each of which create its potential entity. Whitehead realized that the nature of reality as a qomplex experience is difficult to formulate in the form of knowledge, which enables to accommodate the whole experience due to the language limitedness. Whitehead has constructed general and integrated thinking to comprehend reality thoroughly, imaginative generalization method. This method by mean of start fiom certain concrete experience to find the basic structure generally. Whitehead made hard attempts synthesis empirical thinking and rational thinking. He also synthesis deductive and inductive method. In the level of actual entity of reality or the real subject in the world, the understanding of reality prevails the law of S < P which means that Subject is narrower or more concrete than Predicate. In the level of transcendental world, the understanding of reality prevails transcendental logic with the law of S = P which means that the content of value of the subject is the same with as the predicate. In the level of “Divinity prevails the logic law which for God, S > P which means that Subject is superior than the Predicate at his sides From God’s side, the only subject is God, Who is eternal and non-temporal. Organism philosophy of Whitehead does not consider God same as world, it is different from Pan-theism which considers God and world as the same. But, both can be similar at the Aphostheosis moment. The permanence of existence of Being Substance is difficult to determine, because according to Whitehead thought every Being always in the process organically processes and relates to another Being
Kata Kunci : Filsafat Realitas,Alfred North White Head