ANALISIS ADAPTASI MASYARAKAT PERKOTAAN TERHADAP RELOKASI AKIBAT BANJIR BANDANG DI KECAMATAN GARUT KOTA

ULFA AZHARI SHABIRA, Prof. Dr. Sri Rum Giyarsih, S.Si., M.Si.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 GEOGRAFI LINGKUNGAN

Kecamatan Garut Kota merupakan ibukota Kabupaten Garut yang menjadi pusat aktivitas ekonomi dan sosial masyarakat. Pada tahun 2016 silam, sebagian wilayah yang terletak di Kecamatan Garut Kota tepatnya di sempadan Sungai Cimanuk terdampak oleh bencana banjir bandang. Kejadian banjir bandang tersebut menyebabkan sejumlah permukiman warga di Kecamatan Garut Kota harus direlokasi ke tempat lain karena kondisi permukiman sudah tidak layak untuk dihuni. Hal tersebut akan menimbulkan respon adaptasi tertentu bagi para korban terdampak relokasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di tiga kawasan permukiman relokasi yakni Perumahan Gadok, Perumahan Kopi Lombang dan Perumahan Cisereuh. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui dampak program relokasi permukiman bagi kondisi sosial masyarakat yang terelokasi, (2) mengetahui strategi adaptasi masyarakat yang terkena dampak banjir bandang, serta (3) mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan program relokasi berdasarkan persepsi masyarakat yang terelokasi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik mix methode yang merupakan integrasi antara metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif sehingga diperoleh analisis yang komprehensif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi sosial masyarakat terelokasi menjadi semakin baik setelah adanya program relokasi. Intensitas dan tingkat kesukarelaan masyarakat dalam berinteraksi diketahui menjadi lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kondisi sebelum relokasi. Masyarakat terelokasi yang tinggal di hunian baru melakukan strategi adaptasi berupa adaptasi dengan penyesuaian dan adaptasi dengan tindakan. Adaptasi dengan penyesuaian dilakukan dengan menyesuaikan diri dengan kondisi sosial di hunian sekitar dan mengganti pekerjaan utama dengan pekerjaan lain. Sedangkan adaptasi dengan reaksi dilakukan dengan merenovasi bangunan rumah, halaman rumah, hingga lingkungan sekitar hunian. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, masyarakat yang direlokasi mayoritas menyatakan bahwa program relokasi yang diberlakukan pemerintah ini masuk ke dalam kategori cukup berhasil. Hasil ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan bagi perencana permukiman dalam mewujudkan permukiman yang berkelanjutan.

Garut Kota Sub-District is the capital of Garut Regency which is became the center of economic and social activity for the community. In 2016, some areas located in the Garut Kota Sub- District, precisely on the border of Cimanuk River, were affected by flash flood. The flash flood incident caused a number of residents' settlements have to be relocated to another place because the settlements were swept away by the flood. This will lead into certain adaptation responses from victims that affected by relocation. This research was conducted in three relocation residential areas namely Gadok Housing, Kopi Lombang Housing and Cisereuh Housing. This study aims to: (1) see the impact of the relocation program for the social conditions of the relocated community, (2) see the adaptation strategy of the community affected by flash flood, and (3) see the level of improvement in the relocation program based on the perceptions of the relocated community. The research was conducted using mixed methode techniques, an integration between quantitative and qualitative methods in order to obtain a comprehensive analysis. The results showed that the social conditions of the relocated communities were getting better after the relocation program. The social impact of the flash flood relocation program on the community in Garut Kota Sub-District is that people interact more often with new neighbours than before they were relocated. Relocated communities who live in new settlements, carry out adaptation strategies those are adaptation by adjustment and adaptation by reaction. Adaptation by adjustments carried out by adjusting to social conditions in the surrounding housing and replacing the main job with other informal sector jobs such as laborers and traders. Meanwhile adaptation by reactions carried out by renovating house buildings, home yards to the surrounding environment into a mixed garden or collective animal pen. Based on the analysis, the people who were relocated stated that the relocation programe that implemented by the government for victims of flash flood impacts was categorized as quite successful. These results are expected to become a reference for settlement planners in realizing sustainable settlements.

Kata Kunci : Relokasi, Permukiman, Adaptasi, Banjir Bandang, Relocation, Settlement, Adaptation, Flash Flood