Evaluasi Tingkat Aksesibilitas Jalur Pedestrian Malioboro bagi Difabel

KURNIA NINDYA NABILA, Nursyamsu Hidayat, ST., MT., Ph.D.

2021 | Tugas Akhir | D3 TEKNIK SIPIL

Persamaan hak bagi kaum difabel agar dapat berpartisipasi secara penuh dalam aspek kehidupan, dapat diwujudkan dengan menyediakan aksesibilitas jalur pedestrian. Kawasan Malioboro sebagai ikon kota Yogyakarta yang ramai dikunjungi oleh wisatawan domestik maupun internasional, telah dilakukan penataan guna menciptakan jalur pedestrian yang ramah bagi pejalan kaki, termasuk kaum difabel. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai pada penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi fasilitas dan aksesibilitas jalur pedestrian Malioboro bagi difabel berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Republik Indonesia No. 30/PRT/M/2006 serta Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat Republik Indonesia No. 14/PRT/M/2017 tentang Persyaratan Kemudahan Bangunan Gedung dan Lingkungan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat aksesibilitas pada jalur pedestrian, yaitu jalur pedestrian, jalur pemandu, tempat parkir, ramp, zebra cross, halte, tempat ibadah, toilet umum, rambu dan marka. Kelompok difabel yang paling sedikit sampai paling banyak dalam menerima kondisi di lapangan dari total persyaratan sebanyak 44 fasilitas dan aksesibilitas yang digunakan, yaitu tuna netra (29), tunadaksa (34), pengguna kursi roda (35), tuna rungu (37), anak-anak dan lanjut usia (39). Selanjutnya, tingkat aksesibilitas terkecil diperoleh jalur pemandu sebesar 50 % kategori cukup dan tingkat aksesibilitas terbesar diperoleh jalur pedestrian (sisi barat), zebra cross dan tempat ibadah sebesar 100 % kategori sangat baik. Secara keseluruhan, jalur pedestrian Malioboro masuk dalam kategori baik dengan tingkat aksesibilitas 79,7 %. Dari hasil analisis fasilitas yang dapat diterima masing-masing difabel, didapatkan bahwa tuna netra membutuhkan banyak peningkatan fasilitas, seperti mengubah guding block menggunakan material serta warna yang sesuai standar (jingga), memasang rambu marka menggunakan huruf braille, dan mengubah pemberitahuan informasi secara visual dan audio. Selain itu, peningkatan aksesibilitas jalur pedestrian juga dapat dilakukan dengan memindahkan Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL) di Kawasan sekitar Malioboro yang sesuai standar, menyediakan toilet khusus difabel, menambah jumlah bangku di dalam halte, menambah jumlah pohon dan tempat duduk berkanopi di sisi barat.

Equal rights for people with disabilities in order to participate fully in aspects of life, can be realized by providing accessibility to pedestrian way. Malioboro as the icon of Yogyakarta which is crowded with domestic and international tourists, have been arrangements to create pedestrian way that is pedestrians friendly, including people with disabilities. This study aims to evaluate the facilities and accessibility of the Malioboro pedestrian way for people with disabilities based on the Regulation of the Minister Public Works and Public Housing of the Republic of Indonesia No. 30 / PRT / M / 2006 and Regulation of the Minister Public Works and Public Housing of the Republic of Indonesia No. 14 / PRT / M / 2017 concerning Requirements for Ease of Building and Environment. Based on the research, obtained factors that influence the level of accessibility on the pedestrian way, they are pedestrian way, guiding block, parking lot, ramp, zebra cross, bus stop, worship place, toilet, sign and marker. People with disabilities that accept the least to the most conditions in the field from the total requirements of 44 facilities and accessibility, they are blind (29), disabled (34), wheelchair user (35), deaf (37), children and elderly (39). Then, the smallest level of accessibility was obtained the guiding block 50% with sufficient category and the greatest level of accessibility was obtained the pedestrian way (west side), zebra cross and worship place 100% with very good category. Overall, the Malioboro pedestrian way is the good category with accessibility level of 79.7%. From the results analysis of facilities that are acceptable to each people with disabilities, it is found that the blind need a lot of facility improvements, such as changing the guding block using materials and colors that are according to the standard (yellow), installing signage using braille, and change notification information visually and audio. In addition, improving pedestrian way can also be done by moving street vendors in the area around Malioboro that are according to standards, providing special toilets for people with disabilities, add of benches at the bus stop, add of trees and canopy seats on the west side.

Kata Kunci : Jalur pedestrian, Evaluasi tingkat aksesibilitas, Difabel