Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap terhadap Kesediaan Melakukan Deteksi Dini Kanker Payudara pada Perempuan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

NATANIA AYU SANDY, Dr. apt. Susi Ari Kristina, M.Kes.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Data Riskesdas tahun 2018 menunjukkan prevalensi kanker tertinggi berada di provinsi DI Yogyakarta yaitu 4,86 per 1000 penduduk. Jenis kanker yang banyak diderita yaitu kanker payudara dengan insidensi sebanyak 42,1/100 ribu penduduk. Upaya pencegahan dilakukan sebagai solusi untuk mengurangi jumlah kasus kematian akibat kanker, salah satunya melalui deteksi dini kanker sehingga masyarakat dapat segera mendapatkan penanganan yang tepat untuk menekan perkembangan kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap dengan kesediaan melakukan deteksi dini kanker payudara pada perempuan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional, dengan pendekatan survei berupa kuesioner secara daring. Jumlah responden adalah 250 orang yang merupakan wanita berusia 19-45 tahun di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dan dipilih secara convenience sampling. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik dengan metode analisis deskriptif, sedangkan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan dengan crosstab dan statistik chi square dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% (p<0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 30% responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan sangat tinggi, 20,8% memiliki tingkat pengetahuan tinggi, 29,2% memiliki tingkat pengetahuan rendah, dan 20% memiliki tingkat pengetahuan sangat rendah. Sebanyak 26% responden memiliki sikap sangat positif, 25,6% memiliki sikap positif, 34% memiliki sikap negatif, dan 14,4% memiliki sikap sangat negatif. Sejumlah 99,2% bersedia melakukan deteksi dini kanker payudara jika memiliki gejala, dan 80,4% bersedia melakukan deteksi dini kanker payudara jika tidak memiliki gejala. Hanya variabel domisili (p=0,041), kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan (p=0,010) dan pekerjaan (p=0,030) yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi kesediaan jika tidak memiliki gejala. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap (p=0,032) dan sikap secara signifikan mempengaruhi kesediaan melakukan deteksi dini kanker payudara jika tidak memiliki gejala (p=0,045). Melihat hasil penelitian ini, perlu adanya peran lebih lanjut dari pemerintah dan tenaga kesehatan berhubungan dengan program dan edukasi deteksi dini kanker payudara sebagai langkah pencegahan kanker payudara.

According to the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2018, the highest cancer prevalence was in Special Region of Yogyakarta, with about 4.86 people in 1000. The most common type of cancer is breast cancer with an incidence of 42.1 people in 100 thousand. Some preventive measures are carried out as a solution to reduce the number of death caused by cancer, one of which is through early detection of cancer so that patients can immediately get the appropriate treatment in suppressing the growth of cancer. This study aims to determine the relation between knowledge and attitudes towards women�s willingness to do breast cancer screening in Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study was conducted with a cross-sectional design through the usage of online survey in the form of questionaries. The number of samples of this study was 250 respondents and it was taken by convenience sampling method among women aged 19-45 years in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The data were analyzed statistically using frequency descriptive analysis. To further investigate the correlation, the researcher used crosstab and chi square statistical test with a confidence level of 95% (p <0.05) The results showed that respondents who had very high knowledge were shown at 30%, 20.8% had high knowledge, 29.2% had low knowledge, and 20% had very low knowledge. Respondents who had very positive attitude were 26%, 25.6% had positive attitude, 34% had negative attitude, and 14.4% had very negative attitude. A total of 99,2% respondents had intention to do breast cancer screening when they show symptoms, whilst 80,4% respondents had intention to do breast cancer screening whey they had no symptoms. Only domicile (p = 0.041), health insurance ownership (p = 0.010) and occupation (p = 0.030) variables that had significantly affected willingness if there were no symptoms. There was a significant correlation between knowledge and attitude (p = 0.032), in addition to attitude significantly affecting the willingness to do early screening of breast cancer when they had no symptoms (p = 0.045). According to this study, there is a need for further roles from the government and health workers when it comes to breast cancer screening programs and education as a step to prevent breast cancer.

Kata Kunci : pengetahuan, sikap, deteksi dini, kanker payudara/knowledge, attitude, screening, breast cancer