HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP TERHADAP KESEDIAAN MELAKUKAN DETEKSI DINI KANKER SERVIKS PADA PEREMPUAN DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

THERESIA SHINTA W, Dr. Susi Ari Kristina, M. Kes., Apt.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 FARMASI

Kanker serviks dapat dicegah jika dilakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks yang tepat. Kurangnya pengetahuan dan kesadaran mengenai kanker serviks dapat mengakibatkan strategi pencegahan kurang dimanfaatkan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan kesediaan melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks, serta hubungan ketiganya pada perempuan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif dilakukan dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Jumlah responden sebanyak 234 wanita, berusia 20-45 tahun dan berdomisili di Daerah Istimewa Yogykarta. Sampel diambil dengan metode accidental sampling. Uji Chi-Square digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan, sikap, dan kesediaan melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks. Karakteristik responden, tingkat pengetahuan, dan sikap merupakan variabel bebas, sedangkan kesediaan melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks sebagai variabel terikat. Responden dengan pengetahuan tinggi sebanyak 51,7% dan pengetahuan rendah sebanyak 48,3%. Sedangkan 61,1% memiliki sikap positif dan 38,9% memiliki sikap negatif. Sebanyak 90,4% wanita bersedia melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks bila tidak memiliki gejala, sebanyak 90,2% wanita bersedia melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks bila memiliki gejala kanker serviks, dan sebanyak 95,3% responden bersedia melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks bila diberikan secara gratis. Pada uji Chi square, pengetahuan-sikap, karakteristik responden-kesediaan, pengetahuan-kesediaan, dan sikap-kesediaan jika ada dan tidak ada gejala memiliki nilai P >0,005, hal ini menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan. Sedangkan hasil uji Chi square sikap-kesediaan melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks jika diberikan secara gratis terdapat hubungan yang signifikan (P=0,001). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dan sikap, karakteristik responden dan kesediaan, sikap dan kesediaan jika ada gejala dan tidak ada gejala, serta pengetahuan dan kesediaan. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara sikap dan kesediaan bila deteksi dini kanker serviks diberikan secara gratis.

Cervical cancer is a potentially preventable disease if appropriate screening and prophylactic strategies are employed. However, lack of knowledge and awareness can result in underutilization of the preventive strategies. This study aims to describe the level of knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to undergo cervical cancer screening, as well as the relationship between them in women in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This is a quantitative experiment with descriptive correlative study used a cross-sectional design. Data from 234 participants were included in the final analysis. Samples were women aged 20-45 years, domiciled in the Yogyakarta Special Region Province. Samples were chosen based on accidental sampling. Chi-Square was used to define the relation between attitude and compliance, knowledge, and attitude toward willingness. Characteristics of Respondents, knowledge, and attitude are independent variables, meanwhile, the willingness to undergo cervical cancer screening is the dependent variable. The finding of this study shows that 51.7% of respondents had high knowledge, 61.1% had a positive attitude and 90.4% of respondents willing to undergo screening if there no symptoms, 90.2% of respondents willing to undergo screening if had symptoms, and 95.3% of respondents willing to undergo if cervical screening is free. From chi-square analysis results in knowledge and attitude, characteristic of respondents and willingness, knowledge and willingness, attitude and willingness had P>0.005. The results of the Chi-square test of attitude and willingness to undergo cervical screening if it was given free, is significant (P=0.001). There is no significant between knowledge and attitude, characteristics of respondents and willingness, knowledge and willingness, attitude, and willingness if had symptoms and not. There is no significant between attitude and willingness to undergo cervical screening if it was given free.

Kata Kunci : kanker serviks, pengetahuan, sikap, deteksi dini