THE EFFECT OF H2C2O4 AND NaOH TREATMENT ON THE CHARACTER OF WONOSARI NATURAL ZEOLITE AS A NICKEL METAL SUPPORT CATALYST FOR HYDROCRACKING OF CASTOR OIL INTO BIOFUEL

DWITA WIDYAWATI, Prof. Dr. Iip Izul Falah , Prof. Dra. Wega Trisunaryanti, M.Si.,Ph.D.Eng.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 KIMIA

Aktivasi kimia dan pengembanan logam pada zeolit alam dilaporkan efektif dalam meningkatkan aktivitas katalitik zeolit alam. Pada studi ini, rasio Si/Al, keasaman dan morfologi zeolit diselidiki. Pengaruh perlakuan H2C2O4 dan NaOH terhadap karakter zeolit alam (ZA) Wonosari sebagai katalis pengemban logam nikel untuk hidrorengkah minyak jarak menjadi biofuel telah dievaluasi. Zeolit alam Wonosari (ZA) diaktivasi dengan larutan H2C2O4 dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,5, 1, 1,5, dan 3M selama 4 dan 6 jam. Berdasarkan analisis XRF, rasio Si/Al tertinggi (12,53) dicapai oleh ZAA3-4. Kemudian ZAA3-4 perlakukan dengan 1M NaOH (ZAA3-4D). Logam Ni diembankan pada ZAA3-4D dengan impregnasi basah menggunakan prekursor garam Ni(NO3)2.6H2O menghasilkan katalis Ni/ZAA3-4D. Katalis Ni/ZAA3-4D dikalsinasi pada suhu 450 Celcius selama 3 jam di bawah aliran gas N2 dan direduksi pada 400 Celcius selama 2 jam di bawah aliran gas H2. ZAA3-4, ZAA3-4D, dan Ni / ZAA3-4D dikarakterisasi menggunakan FT-IR, XRF, SEM-EDX, XRD, TEM dan uji keasaman menggunakan adsorpsi uap amonia. Hidrorengkah minyak jarak dilakukan pada temperatur 550 Celcius, rasio berat katalis/umpan 1: 100 dengan aliran gas H2 20 mL/menit selama 2 jam. Produk hidrorengkah dianalisis menggunakan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio Si/Al katalis ZAA3-4D dan Ni/ZAA3-4D berturut-turut adalah 8,5 dan 5,19. Katalis Ni/ZAA3-4D menunjukkan kandungan Ni sebesar 4,59% (b/b) dengan kristalinitas tertinggi pada 2theta =25.86 derajat dan keasaman 2,2 mmol g-1. Katalis Ni/ZAA3-4D merupakan katalis terbaik yang menghasilkan fraksi cair 76,32% (b/b) dan selektivitas terhadap fraksi bensin, minyak solar, dan organik berturut-turut sebesar 13,03, 5.86, dan 57,41% (b/b).

The chemical activation and metal loading of natural zeolite were reported to be effective in improving the catalytic activity of natural zeolite. In this work, the Si/Al ratio, acidity and morphology of zeolite were investigated. The effect of H2C2O4 and NaOH treatment on the character of Wonosari natural zeolit (ZA) as a nickel metal support catalyst for hydrocracking of castor oil into biofuel had been evaluated. Wonosari natural zeolit (ZA) was activated with H2C2O4 solution under concentration variation of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 3 M for 4 and 6 h. Based on the XRF analysis, the highest Si/Al ratio (12.53) was achieved by ZAA3-4. The ZAA3-4 was then treated by 1 M NaOH (ZAA3-4D). The Ni metal was loaded on the ZAA3-4D by wet impregnation using salt precursor of Ni(NO3)2.6H2O produced Ni/ZAA3-4D catalyst. The Ni/ZAA3-4D catalyst was calcined at 450 Celcius for 3 h under the N2 gas flow and then reduced at 400 Celcius for 2 h under the H2 gas flow. The ZAA3-4, ZAA3-4D, and Ni/ZAA3-4D were characterized using FT-IR, XRF, SEM-EDX, XRD, TEM and acidity test using adsorption of ammonia vapor. The hydrocracking of castor oil was done at temperature of 550 Celcius, the catalyst/feed weight ratio of 1:100 with 20 mL/min H2 gas flow for 2 h. The hydrocracking products were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The results showed that the Si/Al ratio of ZAA3-4D and Ni/ZAA3-4D catalyst was 8.5 and 5.19 respectively. The Ni/ZAA3-4D catalyst showed Ni content of 4.59% (w/w) with the highest crystallinity at 2theta=25.86 degree and the acidity of 2.2 mmol g-1. The Ni/ZAA3-4D catalyst was the best catalyst, that produced liquid fraction of 76.32% (w/w) and selectivity towards gasoline fraction, diesel oil fraction and organic fraction were 13.03, 5.86, and 57.41% (w/w) respectively.

Kata Kunci : Castor oil, hydrocracking, wet impregnation, Wonosari natural zeolite