KAJIAN KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, DAN PRACTICE (KAP) PEKERJA TENTANG SANITASI DAN HIGIENE DI TEMPAT PEMOTONGAN UNGGAS RELOKASI DAN NON-RELOKASI

IRAWATI HARRY A, Dr. drh. Yatri Drastini, M.Sc; drh. Dyah Ayu Widiasih, Ph.D

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER SAINS VETERINER

Daging ayam tidak layak konsumsi akibat cemaran mikroba sering diedarankan di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Kejadian cemaran tidak terlepas dari praktek pelaku usaha pangan bahan asal hewan yang kurang menerapkan personal sanitasi dan higiene dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran pengetahuan (knowledge), sikap (attitude) dan praktek (practice) (KAP) sanitasi dan higiene pekerja di TPU relokasi dan non-relokasi di Jakarta Timur dan hubungannya dengan total plate count (TPC) karkas yang dihasilkan. Penelitian merupakan kajian lintas seksional pada 2 kelompok TPU yaitu TPU relokasi (8 TPU) dan non relokasi (26 TPU) dengan jumlah sampel 182 pekerja dan 68 sampel karkas. Perangkat yang digunakan untuk menilai pekerja berupa kuesioner tertutup berisi pengetahuan, sikap dan praktek tentang sanitasi dan higiene. Pengambilan sampel TPU menggunakan metode stratified random sampling, sedangkan pada sampel pekerja menggunakan metode cluster. Data pekerja dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney untuk mengetahui perbedaan 2 variabel dan uji Chi Square untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor risiko dan kejadian. Derajat kemaknaan menggunakan ���±=0,05. Kekuatan hubungan diukur menggunakan Relative Risk (RR). Karkas diuji TPC di Laboratorium Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner Provinsi DKI Jakarta, dan hasilnya dibandingkan dengan nilai TPC standar di SNI 3924:2009. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pengetahuan (knowledge) yang sangat nyata antara pekerja TPU relokasi dengan TPU non relokasi. Sikap (attitude) dan praktek (practice) pekerja TPU relokasi dan non relokasi tidak berbeda nyata. Total Plate Count (TPC) karkas berada di bawah batas maksimum persyaratan mutu mikrobiologis. Rerata TPC pada karkas TPU relokasi sebesar 4,54���±0,56 log CFU/gram, lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan TPC pada karkas TPU non relokasi sebesar 4,60���±0,73 log CFU/gram tetapi tidak berbeda secara nyata. Pengetahuan (knowledge), sikap (attitude) dan praktek (practice) pekerja TPU tidak berhubungan terhadap TPC. Sanitasi dan higiene pekerja bukan merupakan faktor penentu kualitas karkas, tetapi terdapat faktor-faktor lain yang perlu dievaluasi.

Unsuitable chicken meat for consumption caused by microbial contamination is often distributed in DKI Jakarta Province. The incidence of contamination is inseparable from the practice of animal-based food businessmen doing not properly implementation of personal sanitation and hygiene. This study aims to obtain a correlation between the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of sanitation and hygiene workers and the total plate count (TPC) of the carcasses in the relocation and non-relocation poultry slaughterhouses (TPU) in East Jakarta. This research was a cross sectional study in 2 groups of TPU, namely relocated TPU (8 TPU) and non-relocated TPU (26 TPU) with a total sample of 182 workers and 68 carcass samples. The tool used to assess workers was the closed questionnaire form containing knowledge, attitudes and practices about sanitation and hygiene. The TPU sample was taken by the stratified random sampling method, while the sample of workers used the cluster method. Worker data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test to determine differences in 2 variables and the Chi Square test to determine the relationship between risk factors and events. The significance degree was ���± = 0.05. The strength of the relationship was measured by Relative Risk (RR). The TPC of carcasses were treated at Veterinary Public Health Laboratory in Jakarta and compared to the standard of TPC values of SNI 3924: 2009. The results showed there was a very significant difference in knowledge between the workers of relocated TPU and that of non-relocated TPU. The attitude and practice of workers between the relocated and non-relocated TPU were not significantly different. The total plate count (TPC) of carcass was below the maximum microbiological quality requirements. The mean TPC in relocated TPU carcass was 4.54 ���± 0.56 log CFU/gram, lower than the TPC in non-relocated TPU carcass of 4.60 ���± 0.73 log CFU/gram, but not significantly different. Knowledge, attitude and practice of TPU workers were not related to TPC. Sanitation and worker hygiene were not a determinant factor of carcass quality, but there might be other factors to be evaluated.

Kata Kunci : KAP, higiene, sanitasi, TPC, TPU