Analisis Implementasi Pemberian Makan Bayi dan Anak di Kabupaten Bone Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

ANDI SRI RAHAYU K, Dr. Supriyati, S.Sos., M.Kes ; Digna Niken Purwaningrum, S.Gz., MPH, Ph.D

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

Latar Belakang: Usia 0-24 bulan merupakan periode penting dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Di Kabupaten Bone, prevalensi stunting untuk anak usia 0-24 bulan adalah 37,3%, dan pemerintah pusat memasukkan Kab. Bone sebagai salah satu fokus program penanggulangan stunting. Program Pemberian Makan Bayi dan Anak (PMBA) merupakan salah satu intervensi terintegrasi untuk mengatasi masalah gizi dan kesehatan pada anak. Tujuan: Untuk mengeksplorasi implementasi program PMBA di Kabupaten Bone Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan serta faktor-faktor yang berperan dalam implementasi program Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi dan studi dokumen. Penentuan subjek penelitian dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Jumlah subjek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah 18 orang (1 orang pengelola program gizi Dinas Kesehatan Kab. Bone, 4 Tenaga Pelaksana Gizi (TPG) Puskesmas, 4 Bidan Desa, 4 Kader Posyandu dan 6 masyarakat). Analisis data kualitatif berupa transkrip wawancara, pembuatan matriks wawancara (menggunakan sistem open coding), verifikasi dan triangulasi data. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan persepsi subjek penelitian antara pelaksana program dengan penerima manfaat program. Pelaksana program mempersepsikan PMBA sebagai kegiatan penyuluhan dan sosialisasi (pendidikan gizi), sementara penerima manfaat program mempersepsikan PMBA hanya berupa pemberian makanan padat atau MP-ASI. Karakteristik individu dalam implementasi program PMBA di Kab. Bone juga berperan dalam implementasi program PMBA, seperti kader yang berusia lanjut usia, serta status sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Kab. Bone telah menetapkan kebijakan daerah untuk mendukung implementasi PMBA. Namun, dalam implementasinya masih terdapat keterbatasan dalam sumber daya manusia serta sarana dan prasarana. Kesimpulan: Implementasi program PMBA di Kab. Bone belum efektif dikarenakan berbagai faktor, seperti sumber daya manusia dan fasilitas. Pemantauan dan bantuan teknis diperlukan untuk memastikan implementasi program.

Background: Age of 0-24 months is a critically important period in the child growth and development. In Bone District, the stunting prevalence for children aged 0-24 months is 37.3%, and the central government included Bone as one of focus areas for stunting alleviation program. As part of the integrated intervention, the government introduced the Infant and Young Child Feeding Program (IYCF). Objective: To explore the implementation of the IYCF program in Bone District, South Sulawesi Province and the contributed factors. Method: This is a qualitative study with a case study approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations and document studies. Selection of participants was carried out by purposive sampling method following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eighteen participants (1 person managing the nutrition program District Health Office Bone, 4 Nutritionists of Puskesmas, 4 Village Midwives, 4 Posyandu cadres and 6 community members) were involved. Transcription of interview, creation of interview matrix (using open coding system), verification and triangulation of data were performed during qualitative data analysis. Result: There were different perspectives of IYCF program among program implementers and program beneficiaries. Program implementers perceived IYCF as counseling and socialization (nutrition education) activities, while program beneficiaries perceived IYCF as only providing solid food or complementary foods. Individual characteristics in the implementation of the IYCF program in Bone District also plays a role in the implementation of the IYCF program, such as elderly cadres, as well as the socio-economic status of the community. Bone District has set up local policies to support IYCF implementation. However, IYCF program delivery has been hindered by limitations in human resources as well as facilities and infrastructure. Conclusion: The implementation of the IYCF program in Bone District has not been effective due to several contributing factors, such as human resources and facilities. Monitoring and technical assistance are required to ensure program delivery.

Kata Kunci : PMBA, implementasi, program, anak