Partisipasi Anak Pada Forum Anak Surakarta Dalam Keberhasilan Implementasi Kebijakan Kota Layak Anak

NIMAS HAPSARI, Dr. Subando Agus Margono, M.Si.

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER MANAJEMEN DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk partisipasi anak pada Forum Anak Surakarta dan mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor pada Forum Anak Surakarta yang mendorong terwujudnya keberhasilan implementasi kebijakan Kota Layak Anak di Kota Surakarta dengan batasan waktu tahun 2016-2019. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan deskriptif kualitatif digunakan sebagai pendekatan penelitian dan metode wawancara dilakukan kepada Dinas Perlindungan Perempuan Perlindungan Anak dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, anggota Forum Anak Surakarta, dan anak-anak di Kota Surakarta. Latar belakang penelitian ini berdasarkan pada pentingnya partisipasi anak dalam implementasi kebijakan Kota Layak Anak dimana Kota Surakarta telah berhasil melibatkan peran anak melalui Forum Anak Surakarta. Kebijakan Kota Layak Anak telah diterapkan di seluruh kota/kabupaten di Indonesia dan Kota Surakarta sejak tahun 2006 ditunjuk menjadi pilot project Kota Layak Anak berhasil mendapatkan predikat Utama pada Kota Layak Anak hingga saat ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi anak pada Forum Anak Surakarta telah dilakukan dengan baik dalam mewujudkan keberhasilan implementasi kebijakan Kota Layak Anak di Kota Surakarta, yang berdasarkan teori The Wheel of Participation telah berhasil menerapkan tahap informasi, konsultasi, partisipasi hingga pemberdayaan. Prinsip partisipasi anak dari aspek transparansi, kesediaan anak, non-diskriminasi, keselamatan dan perlindungan serta sumber daya yang cukup telah diterapkan dengan baik dalam Forum Anak Surakarta. Bentuk kontribusi anak dalam Forum Anak Surakarta ditunjukkan dari aspek akses terhadap informasi, berorganisasi, berpendapat, dan berpartisipasi dalam pemerintahan secara aktif. Beberapa rekomendasi yang diajukan adalah terus melanjutkan pelibatan peran anak secara aktif serta memberdayakan anak-anak di Kota Surakarta dengan lebih sering membuat program kebijakan yang dapat melibatkan peran anak bersama dengan keluarga. Pemerintah juga dapat mengadakan virtual meeting bersama dengan orang tua murid dalam menganalisa kebutuhan anak khususnya di masa pandemi seperti sekarang. Forum Anak Surakarta diharapkan tetap gencar melaksanakan kegiatan-kegiatan virtual seperti bimbingan konselor, perlombaan games yang sedang viral namun dikemas dengan konsep edukasi, serta bimbingan belajar online dari kakak pengurus atau melalui open recruitment volunteer.

This study aims to describe the form of children's participation in the Surakarta Children's Forum and to describe the factors in the Surakarta Children's Forum that encourage the successful implementation of the Child Friendly City policy in Surakarta with a time limit of 2016-2019. The qualitative research method with qualitative descriptive was used as a research approach and the interview method was carried out to the Office of Women's Protection, Child Protection and Community Empowerment, members of the Surakarta Children's Forum, and children in the city of Surakarta. The background of this research is based on the importance of children's participation in the implementation of the Child Friendly City policy where the City of Surakarta has succeeded in involving the role of children through the Surakarta Children's Forum. The Child Friendly City Policy has been implemented in all cities / districts in Indonesia and since 2006, Surakarta has been appointed as a pilot project for a Child Friendly City and has been awarded the Main title for a Child Friendly City to date. The results of this study indicate that children's participation in the Surakarta Children's Forum has been carried out well in realizing the successful implementation of the Child Friendly City policy in Surakarta, which is based on the theory of The Wheel of Participation which has succeeded in implementing the information, consultation, participation and empowerment stages. The principles of children's participation from the aspects of transparency, children's willingness, non-discrimination, safety and protection as well as adequate resources have been well implemented in the Surakarta Children's Forum. The contribution of children in the Surakarta Children's Forum is shown from the aspects of access to information, organization, opinion, and active participation in government. Some of the recommendations put forward are to continue to actively involve the role of children and empower children in the city of Surakarta by making more frequent policy programs that can involve the role of children together with the family. The government can also hold virtual meetings with parents of students in analyzing children's needs, especially during a pandemic like now. The Surakarta Children's Forum is expected to continue to aggressively carry out virtual activities such as counselor guidance, viral games contests that are packaged with educational concepts, as well as online tutoring from senior administrators or through open recruitment for volunteers.

Kata Kunci : partisipasi anak, Forum Anak Surakarta, kebijakan Kota Layak Anak, teori Wheel of Participation.