PENGARUH KNOWLEDGE SHARING DAN KETERLIBATAN MIDDLE MANAGER TERHADAP KINERJA PROYEK PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK DI INDUSTRI OTOMOTIF

ANNISA DEWI AKBARI, Budi Hartono, S.T., MPM., Ph.D

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Persaingan pasar otomotif di Indonesia semakin sengit dengan munculnya berbagai model mobil baru maupun brand pendatang baru yang berdampak pada perubahan market share setiap brand. Untuk mencapai market share yang tinggi, diperlukan kesuksesan dalam kegiatan pengembangan produk yang termasuk dalam aktifitas proyek. Faktor kunci kesuksesan dalam proyek pengembangan produk adalah knowledge dan support management dalam strategi. Knowledge sharing merupakan bagian dari knowledge management yang sudah banyak terbukti dapat meningkatkan keberhasilan proyek. Selain itu middle manager adalah sosok bagian dalam management yang masih kurang tereksplor perannya dalam penelitian, padahal mempunyai peran penting bagi perusahaan. Salah satu peran paling menonjol adalah keterlibatannya dalam perancangan dan implementasi strategi. Berbicara tentang kesuksesan proyek tak terlepas dari masalah kompleksitas proyek yang perlu dikelola baik untuk mengurangi risikonya dan mengakses potensi manfaatnya. Hal tersebut yang mendasari perlu dilakukan penelitian terkait kerangka berpikir antara knowledge sharing, keterlibatan middle manager dalam perancangan dan implementasi strategi, kompleksitas, serta kinerja proyek. Perancangan instrumen diadopsi dan dikembangkan dari penelitian terdahulu kemudian digunakan sebagai kuesioner penelitian yang ditujukan kepada middle manager proyek pengembangan produk di industri otomotif Indonesia. Dari 210 kuesioner yang disebar, kuesioner yang kembali sebanyak 119. Kemudian setelah dilakukan data cleansing, kuesioner yang dapat dipakai berjumlah 106 kuesioner. Pengolahan ini menggunakan Partial Least Square (PLS) dalam mengolah data. Dalam penelitian ini dibangun dua model yaitu model #1 dengan variabel kompleksitas dan model #2 tanpa variabel kompleksitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa knowledge sharing berpengaruh positif terhadap keterlibatan middle manager dalam perancangan dan implementasi strategi, namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja proyek. Selain itu pada model #1 mengindikasikan bahwa keterlibatan middle manager tidak mempengaruhi kinerja proyek dan tidak memediasi hubungan knowledge sharing terhadap kinerja proyek. Namun lain halnya pada model #2 yang membuktikan bahwa keterlibatan middle manager mempengaruhi kinerja proyek dan terdapat efek mediasi. Di sisi lain kompleksitas proyek berpengaruh negatif terhadap kinerja proyek, namun tidak memoderasi hubungan knowledge sharing dan kinerja proyek. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disarankan agar perusahaan dapat mengelola kompleksitas proyek dengan baik agar dapat tercapai kinerja proyek yang optimal dan lebih memperhatikan serta mengembangkan keterlibatan middle manager dalam perancangan dan implementasi strategi.

Automotive market competition in Indonesia is increasingly with the various new car models and new brands that have an impact on changing market share of each brand. To achieve high market share, product development that are included in project activities are needed. The key success factors on product development projects are knowledge and management support in strategy. Knowledge sharing is a part of knowledge management that has been proven to increase project success. In addition, research about the role of project middle manager is still limited, even though it has an important role for the company. One of the most prominent roles of middle manager is strategic involvement to propose and implement of strategies. The success of the project can not be separated with the complexity of the project that needs to be managed to reduce the risk and access the potential benefits. This underlies the need for research related to the framework of knowledge sharing, middle manager involvement to propose and implement of strategies, complexity, and project performance. The instrument design was adopted and developed from previous researches and then used as research questionnaire to middle managers of product development projects in Indonesian automotive industry. Of the 210 questionnaires distributed, the questionnaire returned as many as 119 questionnaires. After cleansing data, the questionnaire obtained was 106 questionnaires. This processing uses Partial Least Square (PLS) in data processing. In this research two models were built, model #1 with complexity and model #2 without complexity. The results showed that knowledge sharing has a positive effect on the involvement of middle managers to propose and implement of strategies, but does not affect to project performance. In addition, model #1 indicates that the involvement of middle managers does not affect to project performance and does not mediate the relationship between knowledge sharing and project performance. However, it is different from model #2 which proves that the involvement of middle managers influences project performance and there is a mediating effect. On the other hand, the complexity of the project has a negative effect on project performance, but does not moderate the relationship of knowledge sharing and project performance. Based on the results of the study, it is suggested that the company can well manage the complexity of the project in order to achieve optimal project performance and develop the involvement of middle managers to propose and implement the strategies.

Kata Kunci : industry otomotif, kinerja proyek, kompleksitas proyek, knowledge sharing, middle manager