Prevalensi Anisakis sp. pada Sardinella spp. dan Decapterus spp. di Perairan Utara Rembang Jawa Tengah

LUTFI SETIANA DEWI, Dr. Eko Setyobudi, S.Pi., M.Si.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 MANAJEMEN SUMBERDAYA AKUATIK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan prevalensi, intensitas rata-rata, organ target infeksi serta identifikasi larva Anisakis yang ditemukan pada ikan Sardinella spp. dan ikan Decapterus spp. di Perairan utara Rembang Jawa Tengah. Sebanyak 303 ekor ikan sardin dan 141 ekor ikan layang dikumpulkan dari PPP Tasikagung Rembang Jawa Tengah. Sampel ikan diukur panjang dan beratnya, kemudian dibedah untuk pengamatan larva Anisakis. Pemeriksaan infeksi larva Anisakis dilakukan pada rongga perut, saluran pencernaan, hati, gonad dan daging. Anisakis yang diperoleh diidentifikasi secara molekuler menggunakan metode PCR-RFLP dan Direct sequencing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan sardin dan layang rentan terinfeksi Anisakis dengan tingkat infeksi yang berbeda. S. lemuru terinfeksi dengan prevalensi yang sangat rendah (1,97%) dengan intensitas rata-rata infeksi sebanyak 1,5 larva/individu, sedangkan Decapterus spp. memiliki prevalensi yang sangat tinggi yaitu 100% untuk D. russelli dan 96% untuk D. macrosoma dengan intensitas rata-rata masing-masing 12,63 dan 14,33 larva/individu. Larva Anisakis sebagian besar ditemukan pada rongga perut yaitu 83,33% (S. lemuru), 99,03% (D. russelli), dan 94,26% (D. macrosoma), serta tidak ditemukan larva pada daging. Hasil identifikasi molekuler menunjukkan bahwa Anisakis yang menginfeksi S. lemuru dan Decapterus spp. merupakan Anisakis Tipe I, yaitu Anisakis typica.

This study aims to determine the prevalence, mean intensity, target organs of infection, and identification of Anisakis larvae infecting Sardinella spp. and the fish Decapterus spp. at the northern waters of Rembang Central Java. A total of 303 sardines and 141 scads were collected from Tasikagung Fishing Port Rembang. Each sample was measured its length and weight, then dissected for Anisakis larvae observation and collection. Anisakis larvae infection was examined in the abdominal cavity, digestive tract, liver, gonads, and muscle. The anisakis were identified molecularly using the PCR-RFLP method and direct sequencing. The results showed that sardines and scad were susceptible to Anisakis larvae infection with different prevalence and mean intensity levels. Anisakis prevalence on Sardinella lemuru was very low (1.97%) with the mean intensity of 1.5 larvae/individu. Decapterus spp. has a very high prevalence i.e., 100% for D. russelli and 96% for D. macrosoma with a mean intensity was 12.63 and 14.33 larvae/individu, respectively. Anisakis larvae were mostly found in the abdominal cavity, as much as 83.33% (S. lemuru), 99.03% (D. russelli), and 94.26% (D. macrosoma), and there was no larvae were found in the muscle. Molecular identification showed that Anisakis infecting S. lemuru and Decapterus spp. was Anisakis Type I, namely Anisakis typica.

Kata Kunci : Anisakis, intensitas, layang, prevalensi, sardin