OKUPANSI MONYET EKOR PANJANG (Macaca fascicularis) DI SUAKA MARGASATWA PALIYAN

RAHMA EKASARI, Prof. Dr. Satyawan Pudyatmoko, S.Hut. M.Sc.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan merupakan salah satu kawasan suaka alam di Indonesia yang terletak di Kecamatan Paliyan dan Saptosari, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Derah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penunjukkan kawasan hutan Paliyan sebagai kawasan suaka margasatwa salah satunya untuk melindungi habitat monyet ekor panjang dan memberi tempat khusus agar monyet ekor panjang tidak keluar ke kawasan penduduk. Monyet ekor panjang disebut sebagai edge species karena suka berada di wilayah pinggiran hutan, akibatnya di berbagai wilayah keberadaannya sering tumpang tindih dengan keberadaan manusia. Kawasan Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan masih digunakan warga setempat untuk berladang, kondisi ini mengakibatkan rusaknya ekosistem dalam kawasan yang dapat mengganggu habitat Monyet ekor panjang. Satwa liar secara umum tidak menggunakan seluruh habitatnya pada seluruh lokasi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menaksir okupansi monyet ekor panjang dan mengetahui faktor lingkungan yang berpengaruh terhadap okupansi monyet ekor panjang di Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan. Data yang diambil pada penelitian ini berupa kehadiran monyet ekor panjang di Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan dan faktor lingkungan berupa jarak terdekat dari jalan, jarak terdekat dari pemukiman, jarak terdekat dari sumber air, jarak terdekat dari tepi hutan, slope, dan ketinggian tempat. Pengumpulan data kehadiran monyet ekor panjang menggunakan metode systematic sampling yang terbagi menjadi 75 grid sampling. Data faktor lingkungan diperoleh dari peta RBI dengan bantuan software ArcGIS. Penaksiran proportion of area occupied (PAO) dihitung menggunakan rumus naive occupancy dan analisis faktor lingkungan yang berpengaruh dilakukan dengan occupancy modeling menggunakan software PRESENCE ver 12.39. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kehadiran monyet ekor panjang di 17 grid sampling dari 75 grid sampling dengan nilai proportion of area occupied (PAO) sebesar 0,2267 atau 22,67%. Hasil yang diperoleh dari occupancy modeling dengan software PRESENCE ver 12.39 antara lain jarak terdekat dari pemukiman (β co-efficients= 0,95 ±0,37SE), jarak terdekat dari tepi hutan (β co-efficients= -2,55 ±2,20SE), dan jarak terdekat dari jalan (β co-efficients= 0,38 ±0,29SE). Berdasarkan nilai β co-efficients, faktor jarak terdekat dari pemukiman berkorelasi positif, jarak terdekat dari tepi hutan berkorelasi negative, dan jarak terdekat dari jalan berkorelasi positif terhadap okupansi monyet ekor panjang di Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan.

Paliyan Wildlife Reserve is one of the nature reserves in Indonesia, which is located in Paliyan and Saptosari Districts, Gunungkidul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. One of the designations of the Paliyan forest area as a wildlife reserve is to protect the habitat of long-tailed macaque and provide a special place so that long-tailed macaque do not come out into the resident area. The long-tailed macaque is known as an edge species because it likes to be in forest edges, as a result, in various areas its existence often overlaps with human existence. The Paliyan Wildlife Reserve area is still used by local residents for farming, this condition causes damage to the ecosystem in the area which can disturb the habitat of the long-tailed macaque. In general, wildlife do not use their entire habitat in all locations. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the occupancy of long-tailed macaque and determine the environmental factors that affect the occupancy of long-tailed macaque in Paliyan Wildlife Reserve. The data taken in this study were the presence of long-tailed macaque in Paliyan Wildlife Reserve and environmental factors such as the nearest distance from road, nearest distance from settlement, nearest distance from water source, nearest distance from forest edge, slope, and elevation. The collection of data on the presence of long-tailed macaque used a systematic sampling method divided into 75 grid sampling. Data on environmental factors were obtained from the RBI map with the help of ArcGIS software. Estimation of proportion of area occupied (PAO) calculated using the formula of naive occupancy and analysis of environmental factors by using occupancy modeling with PRESENCE ver 12.39 software. The study showed that the presence of long-tailed macaque in 17 grid sampling of 75 grid sampling with the value of proportion of area occupied (PAO) was 0.2267 or 22.67%. The results obtained from occupancy modeling with PRESENCE ver 12.39 software include the nearest distance from the settlement (β co-efficients = 0.95 ± 0.37SE), the nearest distance from the forest edge (β co-efficients = -2.55 ± 2, 20SE), and the shortest distance from the road (β co-efficients = 0.38 ± 0.29SE). Based on the value of β co-efficients, the factor of the shortest distance from the settlement has a positive correlation, the nearest distance from the edge of the forest has a negative correlation, and the nearest distance from the road has a positive correlation with the occupancy of long-tailed macaque in Paliyan Wildlife Reserve.

Kata Kunci : okupansi, Macaca fascicularis, Suaka Margasatwa Paliyan, occupancy modeling; occupancy, Macaca fascicularis, Paliyan Wildlife Reserve, occupancy modeling