Ragam Inisiatif Gerakan Sosial dalam Advokasi Kebijakan Penyelesaian Konflik Tenurial di Pulau Pari Kabupaten Kepulauan Seribu

ARI WIBOWO, Dr. Pande Made Kutanegara, M.Si.; Dr. Agustinus Subarsono, M.A.

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER KEPEMIMPINAN DAN INOVASI KEBIJAKAN

Penelitian ini hendak melihat ragam inisiatif penyelesaian konflik tenurial berbasis agraria pesisir dan kepulauan antara Masyarakat Pulau Pari dengan Perusahaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengumpulan dokumen, rekaman arsip, wawancara, observasi langsung, observasi partisipan, dan FGD. Mindset agenda pembangunan yang cenderung berpihak pada investasi skala besar telah mengabaikan keberagaman praktik pembangunan lokal, berakibat pada diskriminasi dan ekslusi masyarakat pesisir. Pulau Pari merupakan bagian dari Kepulauan Seribu yang memiliki sejarah panjang konflik strukutral (kepemilikan, penguasaan, distribusi, dan akses) berbasis tenurial laut, pesisir dan kepulauan yang terjadi sejak tahun 1990-an dan belum terselesaikan hingga sekarang. Ragam inisiatif telah dilakukan baik di level kebijakan, regulasi, mediasi, hingga tawaran reforma agraria kelautan, pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil. Usaha tersebut melibatkan multi pihak; masyarakat, organisasi masyarakat sipil, swasta, pemerintah daerah hingga pemerintah pusat. Namun hingga kini usaha penyelesaian konflik tenurial belum dapat diselesaikan secara komprehensif. Walau gerakan sosial belum mampu mencapai capaian politik secara utuh, namun pemaknaan lebih jauh yakni mereka telah memperoleh capaian budaya yang mendasar bagi kemenangan politik berikutnya dalam jangka panjang.

This research intends to look at the various initiatives to resolve tenurial conflicts based on coastal and island agrarian affairs between the Pari Island Community and the company. This research was conducted using a qualitative research method with a case study approach. Data collection was carried out by collecting documents, archival records, interviews, direct observation, participant observation, and FGD. The development agenda mindset that tends to favour large-scale investment has ignored the diversity of local development practices, resulting in discrimination and exclusion of coastal communities. Pari Island is part of the Thousand Islands which has a long history of structural conflicts (ownership, control, distribution, and access) based on marine, coastal and island tenure that occurred since the 1990s and have not been resolved until now. Various initiatives have been carried out at the level of policy, regulation, mediation, and offer agrarian reform for marine, coastal and small islands. This effort involves multiple parties; community, civil society organizations, private sector, local government to the central government. However, until now efforts to resolve tenurial conflicts have not been resolved comprehensively. Even though social movements have not been able to achieve full political gains, a further meaning is that they have obtained cultural achievements that are fundamental to the next long-term political victory.

Kata Kunci : Keywords: Policy Advocacy, Social Movements, Coastal Communities and Small Islands