Prarancangan Pabrik Garam Industri dari Air Laut Kapasitas 70.000 Ton/Tahun

FEBIOLA AMANDA, Yano Surya Pradana, S.T., M.Eng.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK KIMIA

Garam merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pangan. Sebagai sumber elektrolit bagi tubuh manusia, garam banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Garam industri adalah garam yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku produksi industri. Pabrik garam industri direncanakan beroperasi selama 330 hari/tahun dengan kapasitas produksi sebesar 70.000 ton/tahun. Bahan baku utama yang digunakan adalah air laut sebanyak 2.062.657,809 ton/tahun. Bahan pendukung yang digunakan berupa Na2CO3, BaCl2 dan NaOH yang masing-masing bahan pendukung dibutuhkan sebanyak 1.929,1932 ton/tahun Na2CO3, 11.595,1730 ton/tahun BaCl2 dan 8.642,6842 ton/tahun NaOH. Secara umum, tahapan proses pembuatan NaCl menggunakan Triple Effect Evaporator adalah sebagai berikut: (i) tahap pemurnian bahan baku, (ii) tahap penguapan dan kristalisasi, (iii) tahap pemisahan dan pengeringan. Sebagai penunjang, unit utilitas menyuplai kebutuhan air yang berasal dari ais sungai sebanyak 51.710,89 kg/jam, kebutuhan uap sebanyak 33.446,08 kg/jam, kebutuhan udara tekan sebanyak 4,344 kgmol/jam, kebutuhan listrik sebanyak 29.469,79 kW dan kebutuhan bahan bakar solar sebanyak 4.314,79 L/jam. Pabrik ini akan didirikan di Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Modal tetap yang dibutuhkan sebesar $50.541.631,14 + Rp146.883.286.894,26 dan modal kerja sebesar $8.228.509,23 + Rp4.652.360.917,66. Return On Investment before tax sebesar 109% dan Return On Investment after tax sebesar 54,5%. Pay Out Time before tax sebesar 0,84 tahun dan Pay Out Time after tax sebesar 1,55 tahun. Break Even Point sebesar 59,98%, Shut Down Point sebesar 26,43% dan Discounted Cash Flow Rate Of Return sebesar 128,77%. Berdasarkan analisis ekonomi tersebut, pabrik garam industri dengan kapasitas 70.000 ton/tahun ini menarik dan layak untuk dikaji lebih lanjut.

Salt is one of the food needs. As a source of electrolytes for the human body, salt is consumed by many people. Industrial salt is salt that used as raw material for industrial production. The industrial salt factory is planned to operate for 330 days/year with production of 70.000 tons/year. The main raw material used is sea water as much as 2.062.657,809 tons/year. Supporting materials used in the form of Na2CO3, BaCl2 and NaOH, each supporting material needed is 1.929,1932 tons/year of Na2CO3, 11.595,1730 tons/year of BaCl2 and 8.642,6842 tons/year of NaOH. In general, the stages of the NaCl process using the Triple Effect Evaporator are as follows: (i) the raw material purification stage, (ii) the evaporation and crystallization stages, (iii) the separation and drying stages. As a support, the utility unit supplies water from river water as much as 51.710,89 kg/hour, steam needs as much as 33,446.08 kg/hour, compressed air needs as much as 4,344 kgmol/hour, electricity needs as much as 29.469,79 kW and the need for diesel fuel is 4.314,79 L/hour. This factory will be established in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. Fixed capital required is $ 50.541.631,14 + IDR 146.883.286.894,26 and working capital is $ 8.228.509,23 + IDR 4.652.360.917,66. Return On Investment before tax of 109% and Return On Investment after tax of 54.5%. Pay Out Time before tax is 0.84 years and Pay Out Time after tax is 1.55 years. Break Even Point of 59.98%, Shut Down Point of 26.43% and Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return of 128.77%. Based on the economic analysis, the industrial salt factory with a capacity of 70.000 tons/year is attractive and worthy of further study.

Kata Kunci : Garam industri, air laut, triple effect evaporator