KAJIAN STATUS KEPEMILIKAN SOUTH LEDGE DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP DELIMITASI BATAS MARITIM ANTARA SINGAPURA, MALAYSIA, DAN INDONESIA DI SELAT SINGAPURA SESUAI DENGAN UNCLOS 1982

TRI HADI WARSONO S, I Made Andi Arsana, S.T., M.E., Ph.D.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK GEODESI

Selat Singapura merupakan salah satu selat tersibuk di dunia. Selat ini merupakan batas alami bagi tiga negara tetangga, yakni Indonesia, Malaysia dan Singapura. Dalam menentukan batas maritim sebuah negara, harus berpedoman pada United Nation Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Lebar Selat Singapura yang tidak lebih dari 24 mil laut, membuat proses menentukan batas maritim ketiga negara lebih sulit karena terdapat zona tumpang tindih (overlap). Kemudian hal ini semakin bertambah rumit ketika International Court of Justice (ICJ) memberikan keputusan pada 23 Mei 2008. Di mana, keputusan tersebut mengatur tentang kepemilikan terhadap Pedra Branca yang merupakan pulau, Middle Rocks yang merupakan karang dan South Ledge yang merupakan elevasi surut. Ketiga fitur maritim tersebut berada di Selat Singapura segmen Timur. Pada penelitian ini, membahas mengenai kepemilikan South Ledge melalui delimitasi batas maritim dengan menggunakan metode garis tengah (median line). Metode ini dianggap merupakan metode yang paling efektif dan adil bagi negara yang bersengketa, karena ketiga negara saling berhadapan satu sama lain. Metode garis tengah ini juga digabung dan dimodifikasi dengan mengikutsertakan garis batas maritim ketiga negara yang sebelumnya sudah ditetapkan. Hasil delimitasi batas maritim menggunakan median line akan mengubah wilayah laut teritorial ketiga negara sebelum dan sesudah dikeluarkannya keputusan ICJ tersebut. Hasil akhir penelitian ini adalah peta alternatif terkait delimitasi wilayah laut teritorial di Selat Singapura dan juga status kepemilikan South Ledge. Terdapat dua opsi peta alternatif tersebut dengan beberapa kondisi tertentu, dimana peta opsi pertama memberikan wilayah laut teritorial sebesar 779,410 km2 kepada Indonesia dan sebesar 778,825 km2 kepada Malaysia. Sedangkan pada opsi kedua, Indonesia mendapat wilayah laut teritorial sebesar 665,911 km2 dan Malaysia sendiri mendapat laut teritorial sebesar 824,191 km2 . Hasil laut teritorial Singapura, baik opsi pertama maupun opsi kedua memiliki klaim laut teritorial yang sama yakni sebesar 426,141 km2. Berbagai faktor yang dibahas pada penelitian membuat klaim terhadap South Ledge sendiri lebih kuat terhadap Malaysia. Hasil tersebut diharapkan ketiga negara terkait segera menyelesaikan kasus kepemilikan South Ledge di Selat Singapura terhadap laut teritorialnya agar ketiga negara dapat mengetahui batas kewenangan pengelolaan wilayah laut teritorialnya.

The Singapore Strait is one of the busiest straits in the world. The strait is a natural boundary for the three neighboring countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. In determining a country's maritime boundary, it must be guided by the United Nation Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). With the narrowness of the Singapore Strait which is no more than 24 nautical miles, the process of determining the maritime boundaries of the three countries is more difficult because of overlapping zones. Then this increasingly complicated when the International Court of Justice (ICJ) gave the decision on 23 May 2008. In which, the decision regulates the ownership of Pedra Branca which is an island, Middle Rocks which is a coral and South Ledge which is a low-tide elevation. These three maritime features are located in the eastern Singapore Strait. In this study, discussing the South Ledge sovereignty through the delimitation of the maritime boundary using the median line. This method is considered as the most effective and fair method for countries in dispute, as all three countries face each other. This median line method is also merged and modified to include the maritime boundary lines of the three countries that was previously established. With the delimitation of the maritime boundary using the median line, it will certainly change the territorial sea of the three country before and after the issuance of the ICJ decision. The final result of the study is an alternative map of the delimitation of the territorial sea in the Singapore Strait as well as South Ledge's ownership status. There are two alternative map options with certain conditions, where the first option map gives the territorial sea area of 779.410 km2 to Indonesia and 778.825 km2 to Malaysia. While in the second option, Indonesia received a territorial sea area of 22 665.911 km and Malaysia itself got a territorial sea of 824.191 km . For Singapore itself, both the first option and the second option have the same territorial sea claim 2 of 426.141 kmThe Singapore Strait is one of the busiest straits in the world. The strait is a natural boundary for the three neighboring countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. In determining a country's maritime boundary, it must be guided by the United Nation Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). With the narrowness of the Singapore Strait which is no more than 24 nautical miles, the process of determining the maritime boundaries of the three countries is more difficult because of overlapping zones. Then this increasingly complicated when the International Court of Justice (ICJ) gave the decision on 23 May 2008. In which, the decision regulates the ownership of Pedra Branca which is an island, Middle Rocks which is a coral and South Ledge which is a low-tide elevation. These three maritime features are located in the eastern Singapore Strait. In this study, discussing the South Ledge sovereignty through the delimitation of the maritime boundary using the median line. This method is considered as the most effective and fair method for countries in dispute, as all three countries face each other. This median line method is also merged and modified to include the maritime boundary lines of the three countries that was previously established. With the delimitation of the maritime boundary using the median line, it will certainly change the territorial sea of the three country before and after the issuance of the ICJ decision. The final result of the study is an alternative map of the delimitation of the territorial sea in the Singapore Strait as well as South Ledge's ownership status. There are two alternative map options with certain conditions, where the first option map gives the territorial sea area of 779.410 km2 to Indonesia and 778.825 km2 to Malaysia. While in the second option, Indonesia received a territorial sea area of 22 665.911 km and Malaysia itself got a territorial sea of 824.191 km . For Singapore itself, both the first option and the second option have the same territorial sea claim 2 of 426.141 kmThe Singapore Strait is one of the busiest straits in the world. The strait is a natural boundary for the three neighboring countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. In determining a country's maritime boundary, it must be guided by the United Nation Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). With the narrowness of the Singapore Strait which is no more than 24 nautical miles, the process of determining the maritime boundaries of the three countries is more difficult because of overlapping zones. Then this increasingly complicated when the International Court of Justice (ICJ) gave the decision on 23 May 2008. In which, the decision regulates the ownership of Pedra Branca which is an island, Middle Rocks which is a coral and South Ledge which is a low-tide elevation. These three maritime features are located in the eastern Singapore Strait. In this study, discussing the South Ledge sovereignty through the delimitation of the maritime boundary using the median line. This method is considered as the most effective and fair method for countries in dispute, as all three countries face each other. This median line method is also merged and modified to include the maritime boundary lines of the three countries that was previously established. With the delimitation of the maritime boundary using the median line, it will certainly change the territorial sea of the three country before and after the issuance of the ICJ decision. The final result of the study is an alternative map of the delimitation of the territorial sea in the Singapore Strait as well as South Ledge's ownership status. There are two alternative map options with certain conditions, where the first option map gives the territorial sea area of 779.410 km2 to Indonesia and 778.825 km2 to Malaysia. While in the second option, Indonesia received a territorial sea area of 665.911 km2 and Malaysia itself got a territorial sea of 824.191 km2. For Singapore itself, both the first option and the second option have the same territorial sea claim of 426.141 km2. With the various factors discussed on this research, the claim against South Ledge itself is stronger to Malaysia. From these results, the three countries are expected to promptly resolve the sovereignty of South Ledge in the Singapore Strait against its territorial seas for the three countries to know the the management limits of its territorial sea. With the various factors discussed on this research, the claim against South Ledge itself is stronger to Malaysia. From these results, the three countries are expected to promptly resolve the sovereignty of South Ledge in the Singapore Strait against its territorial seas for the three countries to know the the management limits of its territorial sea. . With the various factors discussed on this research, the claim against South Ledge itself is stronger to Malaysia. From these results, the three countries are expected to promptly resolve the sovereignty of South Ledge in the Singapore Strait against its territorial seas for the three countries to know the the management limits of its territorial sea.

Kata Kunci : delimitasi batas maritim, garis tengah, elevasi surut, laut teritorial, South Ledge