ANALYSIS OF THE DRD2 Taq1A GENE POLYMORPHISM IN POPULATION OF INDONESIA AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH DRUG ADDICTION

VIREN RAMADHAN, Prof. Zullies Ikawati, Ph.D., Apt. ; dr. Ahmad Hamim Sadewa, Ph.D.

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER FARMASI KLINIK

Ketergantungan obat dan penyalahgunaannya menjadi sebuah permasalahan negara yang harus ditangani bersama. Angka prevalensi penyalahgunaan obat mencapai lebih dari 4 juta orang pada tahun 2016 dan diyakini akan terus meningkat. Telah dilaporkan bahwa polimorfisme gen Dopamine Receptor D2 (DRD2) Taq1A memiliki hubungan dengan risiko ketergantungan obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi polimorfisme gen DRD2 Taq1A pada populasi orang Indonesia serta membandingkan frekuensi genotip di kedua grup, baik pada pasien dengan ketergantungan obat maupun subjek sehat, kemudian menganalisis pengaruhnya terhadap ketergantungan obat. Penelitian cross-sectional dilakukan terhadap 91 pasien ketergantungan obat di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi Badan Narkotika Nasional, Lido, Bogor, dan 91 subjek sehat dari Yogyakarta. Identifikasi polimorfisme gen DRD2 Taq1A dilakukan menggunakan metode alel-spesifik Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) yang dimodifikasi. Analisis prevalensi polimorfisme gen DRD2 Taq1A dilakukan menggunakan teori Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) dan analisis perbandingan frekuensi genotip dan alel antara kedua kelompok dilakukan menggunakan chi square test. Untuk mengetahui asosiasi polimorfisme gen DRD2 Taq1A yang dianggap sebagai faktor risiko pada pasien ketergantungan obat dilakukan perhitungan odds ratio. Hasil menunjukan perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok control dengan kelompok kecanduan obat (T/T 0%; C/T 3,3%; C/C 96,7%) dan (T/T 6,6%; C/T 63,7%; C/C 29,6%). Maka dari itu gen DRD2 Taq1A berhubungan dengan perkembangan dalam kecanduan obat.

Drug addiction and abuse become a state problem that must be handled together. The prevalence of drug abused reached more than 4 million people in 2016, and keep increasing. It has been reported that DRD2 Taq1A gen polymorphism has an association with drug addiction. This study aims to determine the prevalence of the DRD2 Taq1A gene polymorphism in Indonesian population and compares the genotype frequency of both group, in drug addicted patients and non-addicted control subjects, then evaluate it association to drug addiction. A cross-sectional study is conducted on 91 drug addicted patients in Rehabilitation Center of National Narcotics Agency, Lido, Bogor, and 91 non-addicted control subjects from Yogyakarta. Genetic screening of DRD2 Taq1A polymorphism is carried out by modified allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Prevalence analysis of DRD2 Taq1A gene polymorphism is conducted using Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) theory and comparison analysis of allele and genotype frequency between the two groups is conducted using chi square test. The association of DRD2 Taq1A gene polymorphism which is thought to be a risk factor for drug addiction is analyzed by odds ratio calculation. The frequency of the T/T and C/T was significantly higher in the addicted than control subjects. They are 6.6% and 63.7% compared to 0% and 3.3%. The frequency of the T allele between the addicted and control subjects shows a significantly different (p-value < 0.0001; 95% CI), with the addicted being at a higher risk of having the T allele (OR = 37.3; 95% CI [11.46-121.29]). Thus, there is an association the DRD2 Taq1A gene polymorphism with the development of drug addiction.

Kata Kunci : Drug addiction, dopamine receptor, DRD2, Taq1A, gene polymorphism