EFEKTIVITAS PROMOSI KESEHATAN GIGI BERBASIS SEKOLAH DAN KUNJUNGAN RUMAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP ORANG TUA DAN KESEHATAN GIGI SISWA TUNADAKSA RINGAN

PUTRI RAISAH, drg. Rosa Amalia, M.Kes., Ph.D ; Dr. drg. Bambang Priyono, SU

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KEDOKTERAN GIGI

Latar Belakang: Secara umum anak tunadaksa memiliki tingkat kebersihan gigi dan mulut lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan anak normal. Tingkat kebersihan gigi dan mulut anak tunadaksa dapat ditingkatkan, dengan adanya keterlibatan orang tua yang dibekali pengetahuan dan sikap yang baik tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas promosi kesehatan gigi berbasis sekolah dan kunjungan rumah dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap orang tua dan kesehatan gigi siswa tunadaksa ringan. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental design, menggunakan rancangan two group pretest posttest design. Desain penelitian dibuat dengan model observasi sebelum intervensi, dua kali intervensi, dan observasi dua kali sesudah intervensi. Sampel penelitian ini adalah orang tua dan siswa tunadaksa ringan yang berusia 8-15 tahun yang bersekolah di SLB Kabupaten Sleman Provinsi DIY. Lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan di SLB dan di rumah responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Variabel independen adalah promosi kesehatan gigi berbasis sekolah dan kunjungan rumah. Variabel dependen adalah pengetahuan, sikap orang tua dan pengetahuan, plak gigi siswa tunadaksa ringan. Data di analisis menggunakan uji general linear model repeated measure. Hasil: Promosi kesehatan gigi berbasis sekolah lebih meningkatkan sikap orang tua dari pada berbasis kunjungan rumah (p < 0.05). Promosi kesehatan gigi berbasis sekolah dan kunjungan rumah sama-sama efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan orang tua serta pengetahuan dan skor plak gigi siswa tunadaksa ringan (p > 0.05). Kesimpulan: Model promosi kesehatan gigi berbasis sekolah lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan sikap orang tua. Model promosi kesehatan gigi berbasis sekolah dan kunjungan rumah sama-sama efektif untuk pengetahuan orang tua serta pengetahuan dan skor plak gigi siswa tunadaksa ringan.

Background: In general, children with physical disabilities have lower oral and dental hygiene level compared to normal children. The level of dental and oral hygiene of children with disabilities may be improved, with the involvement of parents who had been equipped with good knowledge and attitude about dental and oral health. Aim: To determine the difference in the effectiveness of school-based and home visits dental health promotion in improving the knowledge, attitudes of parents and dental health for students with mild disabilities. Method: The type of this study was a quasi-experimental design, using a two group pretest post test design. The study design was made with an observation model before the intervention, twice interventions, and twice observation after the intervention. The samples of this study were parents and students with mild disabilities aged 8-15 years who attended Sleman district's SLB, in Province of Yogyakarta. The locations of this study were in SLB and in the respondent houses. The study sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The independent variable were school-based and home visits dental health promotion. The dependent variables were knowledge, attitudes of parent and knowledge, dental plaque of students with mild physical disabilities. Data analysis used general linear model repeated measure. Result: School based-dental health promotion was better in improving attitudes of parents than the home visit (p > 0.05). School-based and home visits dental health promotion were both effective in improving attitudes of parents as well as knowledge and dental plaque scores for students with mild disabilities (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Home visit-based dental health promotion model was more effective in improving knowledge of parents. School-based and home visits dental health promotion model were equally effective for attitudes of parents as well as knowledge and dental plaque scores for students with mild disabilities.

Kata Kunci : Efektivitas, promosi kesehatan gigi, sekolah, kunjungan rumah, orang tua, tunadaksa ringan