Hubungan Status Gizi dan Somatotipe dengan Tekanan Darah Pada Remaja Usia 12-15 Tahun Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

MAURA MAGNALIA M, Dra. Neni Trilusiana Rahmawati, M.Kes., Ph.D, ; Janatin Hastuti, S.Si., M.Kes., Ph.D, ; Dr.dr Zaenal Muttaqien Sofro, AIFM, Sport & CIRC. Med

2020 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN

Latar Belakang: Somatotipe dapat digunakan untuk memperkirakan komposisi tubuh dan memberikan gambaran bentuk tubuh. Somatotipe memiliki hubungan dengan tekanan darah. kondisi tekanan darah diatas atau dibawah nilai normal akan mempengaruhi aktivitas siswa- siswi SMP. Tujuan: Untuk mengkaji hubungan antara somatotipe dengan tekanan darah pada remaja usia 12-15 tahun di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode cross sectional yang dilakukan pada 400 siswa laki-laki dan perempuan pada usia 12-15 tahun di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penilaian somatotipe dihitung menggunakan metode Heath-Carter. Komponen yang diukur diantaranya berat badan, tinggi badan, tebal lipatan kulit trisep, subscapular, supraspinal dan betis, lingkar betis dan bisep serta lebar femur dan humerus. Ukuran antropometri tersebut diambil sesuai prosedur International Society for The Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Sedangkan untuk tekanan darah ditentukan dari nilai sistolik dan diastolik yang diukur menggunakan sphygmomanometer berdasarkan klasifikasi American Academy of Pediatric (AAP). Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah ujia Chi-Square dan Ujia Korelasi Spearman. Hasil: Status gizi memiliki hubungan dengan tekanan darah sistolik pada laki-laki (r=0,43;p<0,001) dan (r=0,26;p<0,001) pada perempuan. Dan pada tekanan darah diastolik menunjukkan hubungan dengan status gizi pada laki-laki (r=0,40;p<0,001) dan (r=0,36;p<0,001) pada perempuan. Somatotipe dengan komponen endomorfi memiliki hubungan dengan tekanan darah sistolik (r=0,23;p<0,05) dan tekanan diastolik (r=0,22;p<0,05) pada perempuan. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara somatotipe dengan tekanan darah dan terdapat hubungan antara status gizi dengan tekanan darah. Kata Kunci: somatotipe, status gizi, tekanan darah, sistolik, diastolik.

Background: Somatotypes can be used to estimate body composition and provide an overview of body shape. Somatotype has a relationship with blood pressure. Blood pressure values above or below normal will increase junior high school students' activities. Purpose: Knowing the relationship between somatotype and blood pressure in adolescents aged 12-15 years in Yogyakarta Special Region. Method: This research was conducted by cross sectional method which was conducted on 400 male and female students at the age of 12-15 years in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Somatotype assessment is calculated using the Heath-Carter method. Components measured include body weight, height, thickness of the triceps, subscapular, supraspinal and calf skin folds, calf and biceps circumference, and the width of the femur and humerus. The anthropometric measure was taken according to the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) procedure. Whereas blood pressure is determined from systolic and diastolic values measured using a sphygmomanometer based on the American Academy of Pediatric (AAP) classification. The statistical tests used are the Chi-Square test and the Spearman Correlation Test. Result: Nutritional status has a relationship with systolic blood pressure in men (r = 0.43; p <0.001) and (r = 0.26; p <0.001) in women. And diastolic blood pressure showed an association with nutritional status in men (r = 0.40; p <0.001) and (r = 0.36; p <0.001) in women. Somatotypes with endomorphic components have a relationship with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.23; p <0.05) and diastolic pressure (r = 0.22; p <0.05) in women. Conclusion: There is a relationship between somatotype and blood pressure and there is a relationship between nutritional status and blood pressure. Background: Somatotypes can be used to estimate body composition and provide an overview of body shape. Somatotype has a relationship with blood pressure. Blood pressure values above or below normal will increase junior high school students' activities. Purpose: Knowing the relationship between somatotype and blood pressure in adolescents aged 12-15 years in Yogyakarta Special Region. Method: This research was conducted by cross sectional method which was conducted on 400 male and female students at the age of 12-15 years in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Somatotype assessment is calculated using the Heath-Carter method. Components measured include body weight, height, thickness of the triceps, subscapular, supraspinal and calf skin folds, calf and biceps circumference, and the width of the femur and humerus. The anthropometric measure was taken according to the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) procedure. Whereas blood pressure is determined from systolic and diastolic values measured using a sphygmomanometer based on the American Academy of Pediatric (AAP) classification. The statistical tests used are the Chi-Square test and the Spearman Correlation Test. Result: Nutritional status has a relationship with systolic blood pressure in men (r = 0.43; p <0.001) and (r = 0.26; p <0.001) in women. And diastolic blood pressure showed an association with nutritional status in men (r = 0.40; p <0.001) and (r = 0.36; p <0.001) in women. Somatotypes with endomorphic components have a relationship with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.23; p <0.05) and diastolic pressure (r = 0.22; p <0.05) in women. Conclusion: There is a relationship between somatotype and blood pressure and there is a relationship between nutritional status and blood pressure. Keyword: somatotype, nutritional status, blood pressure, systolic, diastolic

Kata Kunci : Kata Kunci: somatotipe, status gizi, tekanan darah, sistolik, diastolik.