UJI VALIDITAS DAN RELIABILITAS GENERAL SELF-EFFICACY SCALE (GSES) VERSI INDONESIA DENGAN KONTEKS BENCANA PADA MASYARAKAT TERDAMPAK ERUPSI MERAPI

HERLIN LIDYA, Uki Noviana, S.Kep.,Ns M.N.Sc., Ph.D; Haryani, S.Kp., M.Kes., Ph.D

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER KEPERAWATAN

Latarbelakang: Kesiapsiagaan bencana merupakan upaya untuk mengurangi dampak bencana. Perilaku kesiapsiagaan dipengaruhi oleh efikasi diri. Efikasi diri berpengaruh pada ketahanan dan kemampuan adaptasi masyarakat terhadap perubahan dalam kondisi bencana. Di Indonesia tidak terdapat instrumen pengukuran efikasi diri dalam konteks bencana. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengadaptasi General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) versi Indonesia ke dalam konteks bencana dan menguji validitas serta reliabilitas pada masyarakat terdampak erupsi Merapi supaya mendapatkan alat ukur yang sesuai dengan budaya dan dapat mengukur efikasi diri dalam menghadapi bencana. Metode: Pertama, GSES versi Indonesia diadaptasi budaya dan dimodifikasi ke dalam konteks bencana serta disesuaikan dengan budaya target penelitian. Kedua, dilakukan uji validitas isi dan validitas konstrak pada 100 orang warga terdampak erupsi Merapi. Analisis menggunakan pearson product-moment, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) dan confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Uji reliabilitas menggunakan analisis internal konsistensi (Cronbach's alpha). Hasil: General self-efficacy scale versi Indonesia telah sesuai dengan konteks bencana dan budaya target penelitian. Nilai korelasi Pearson untuk 10 item rentang 0,528-0,707. Hasil EFA terbentuk 2 faktor (presentase kumulatif 56,97%). Confirmatory factor analysis dengan 2 faktor menunjukkan model yang fit (p-value = 0,032, Chi square = 61,33, df = 33, SRMR = 0,078, CFI = 0,91). Hasil CFA dengan 1 faktor menunjukkan model fit dan sangat baik karena semua kriteria terpenuhi (Chi square = 30,533, df = 23, p-value = 0,135, RMSEA = 0,058, SRMR = 0,060, CFI = 0,977). Koefisien Cronbach's alpha untuk GSES versi Indonesia dengan konteks bencana memiliki nilai 0,847. Kesimpulan: General self-efficacy scale versi Indonesia dengan konteks bencana dengan model 2 faktor maupun model 1 faktor (unidimensional) menunjukkan validitas dan reliabilitas yang dapat diterima untuk mengukur efikasi diri dalam menghadapi bencana erupsi gunung api.

Background: Disasters preparedness is an effort to reduce the impact of disasters. Preparedness behavior is influenced by self-efficacy. Self-efficacy affects the resilience and ability of communities in adapting to changes in disaster conditions. In Indonesia, there are no instruments for measuring self-efficacy in the context of disasters. This study aims to adapt the Indonesian version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale into the context of disasters and test the validity and reliability for the people affected by the volcanic eruption of Merapi in order to obtain a measurement tool that is culturally appropriate and can measure self-efficacy in the face of disasters. Methods: First, the Indonesian version of GSES was adapted culturally and modified into the context of the disaster and adapted to the research target culture. Second, the content validity test and the validity of the extract were carried out on 100 residents affected by the Merapi eruption. The analysis uses Pearson product-moment, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability testing uses an internal consistency analysis (Cronbach's alpha). Results: The Indonesian version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale was appropriate for the context of the disaster and the target culture of the study. Pearson correlation values for 10 items range from 0.528 to 0.707. EFA results formed 2 factors (cumulative percentage of 56.97%). Confirmatory factor analysis with 2 factors shows a fit model (p-value = 0.032, Chi square = 61.33, df = 33, SRMR = 0.078, CFI = 0.91). The CFA results with 1 factor showed a fit and very good model because all criteria were met (Chi square = 30.533, df = 23, p-value = 0.135, RMSEA = 0.058, SRMR = 0.060, CFI = 0.977). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the Indonesian version of GSES in the context of disaster has a value of 0.847. Conclusion: The Indonesian version of the General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES) in the context of disaster with a 2-factor model and 1-factor model (unidimensional) has validity and reliability that can be good for measuring self-efficacy in dealing with volcanic eruption disasters.

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci: general self-efficacy scale, validitas dan reliabilitas, efikasi diri, kesiapsiagaan masyarakat