ANALISIS KUALITATIF PENGEMBANGAN KIT DETEKSI STUNTING (GAMA-KiDS) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF ALAT UKUR DAN DETEKSI DINI STUNTING PADA BALITA USIA 0-24 BULAN DI INDONESIA

MARIA WIGATI, Dr. Siti Helmyati, DCN., M.Kes; Dr. Ir. I Made Alit Gunawan, M.Si

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

Latar belakang: Penanganan stunting perlu dilakukan sedini mungkin. Salah satunya adalah melalui pemantauan status gizi panjang badan menurut usia (PB/U) pada baduta. Akan tetapi, masih ada posyandu yang memiliki keterbatasan alat ukur sehingga perlu dilakukan pengembangan alat ukur panjang badan dan deteksi dini stunting di Indonesia. Metode: Desain kualitatif digunakan dengan mengacu pada prinsip desain penelitian dan pengembangan inovasi. Wawancara mendalam untuk menilai Kit Deteksi Stunting (GAMA-KiDS) dilakukan terhadap 5 orang ahli antropometri dan desain media promosi kesehatan, serta 3 orang calon pengguna. Eksplorasi karakteristik inovasi menurut Teori Difusi Inovasi dilakukan dengan pendekatan analisis tematik. Hasil: Manfaat relatif yang dapat diidentifikasi dari GAMA-KiDS yaitu berdasarkan tingkat keawetan dan keamanan, portabilitas, dan fungsinya sebagai alat deteksi dini stunting. GAMA-KiDS versi 2 telah cukup sesuai dan mudah digunakan oleh calon pengguna walaupun masih dapat ditingkatkan menjadi lebih baik lagi. Pelatihan yang dilaksanakan bagi kader kurang berhubungan dengan intensi untuk mengadopsi GAMA-KiDS walaupun calon pengguna menunjukkan sikap positif. GAMA-KiDS juga mudah dikenal dan dipelajari melalui pengamatan calon pengguna. Sikap pemerintah desa diprediksi juga mempengaruhi intensi untuk adopsi GAMA-KiDS. Kesimpulan: GAMA-KiDS memiliki potensi menjadi alternatif alat ukur panjang badan dan deteksi dini stunting yang diterapkan pada posyandu dengan keterbatasan alat ukur. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengetahui potensi penggunaan GAMA-KiDS khususnya dengan melibatkan faktor-faktor sosial dan media komunikasi yang terdapat dalam lingkungan masyarakat.

Background: Monitoring the nutritional status of children aged 0-24 months old using length-for-age z-score (LAZ) is one of the possible ways to detect stunting. However, the Integrated Health Center (Posyandu) still struggling to provide an accurate and reliable anthropometric tool. Therefore, it is important to develop a body length measurement and stunting early detection tool for Indonesian children. Methods: Qualitative design following the rules of research and development paradigm was used in this study. Perception of Kit Deteksi Stunting (GAMA-KiDS) were explored using in-depth interview methods towards 5 experts in anthropometry and health promotion and 3 potential adopters. Innovation characteristics following Rogers' Theory of Diffusion of Innovation were done using a thematic analysis approach. Results: The relative advantages that could be identified from GAMA-KiDS were based on the level of durability and safety, portability, and its function as an early detection tool for stunting. GAMA-KiDS version 2 was quite suitable and easy to use by potential adopters although it could still be improved. The training for cadres had a little positive impact on the intention to adopt GAMA-KiDS. GAMA-KiDS was also easily known and learned through the observation of potential adopters. The attitude of the village government was also predicted to influence the intention to adopt GAMA-KiDS among posyandu. Conclusions: GAMA-KiDS has the potential to be an alternative measure of body length and early detection of stunting. Further research is needed to determine the potential use of GAMA-KiDS especially by involving demographic factors and communication media contained in the social system.

Kata Kunci : deteksi dini, karakteristik inovasi, kualitatif, stunting, teori difusi inovasi