Analisis kualitas lingkungan perairan berdasarkan komunitas Meiobentos dan kualitas sedimen di Pantai dan area pertambakan daerah pesisir Sriwulan, Kabupaten Demak

SIDQI, Muhandis, Prof.Dr. Shalihuddin Djalal Tandjung, MSc

2002 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

Kerusakan daerah pesisir Sriwulan sangat komplek, disamping telah tercemari berbagai limbah industri, disisi lainnya daerah ini juga mengalami kerusakan akibat abrasi pantai dan genangan rob air laut, sehingga berpengaruh terhadap kehidupan masyarakat setempat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas lingkungan perairan pantai dan tambak berdasarkan kualitas air, sedimen dan komunitas meiobentos, dan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kualitas sedimen dengan komunitas meiobentos, serta mengetahui tingkat produktivitas tambak di 3 desa berdasarkan jarak, tingkat pencemaran dan kerusakan lahan tambak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan menggunakan metode survei, penentuan responden dan lokasi sampling berdasarkan purposive random sampling. Data kualitas air dianalisis secara diskriptif komparatif, sedangkan parameter kualitas sedimen dianalisis menggunakan principal component analysis (PCA), untuk mengetahui sebaran spasialnya berdasarkan stasiun pengamatan dan lapisan kedalaman sedimen. Komunitas meiobentos dianalisis dengan juctorial correspodence analysis (CA) untuk mengetahui tingkat sebaran spasialnya. berdasarkan stasiun pengamatan dan lapisan kedalaman sedimen. Data sosial ekonomi masyarakat dilakukan wawancara. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan regresi korelasi untuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa parameter bebas terhadap parameter tak bebas (produktivitas tambak), untuk membedakan produktivitas tambak di 3 desa berdasarkan jarak dari sumber pencemar dan tingkat kerusakan tambak dianalisis menggunalkan analisis stastistik non parametrik Kruskal Wallis. Data kualitas air (kekeruhan, TSS, NH3, NO2 berada di atas baku mutu perairan), nilai Eh sedimen negatif/zone reduksi, serta nilai IMLP cenderung sedang, ha1 berarti kondisi perairan di daerah penelitian masih berada dalam kondisi tidak stabil. Komunitas meiobentos dari beberapa stasiun pengamatan menunjukkan kondisi -yang tidak stabil, nilai keanekaragaman jenis rendah, terjadi dominansi jenis oleh jenis meiobentos tertentu, dan ada kesesuaian model antara komunitas meiobentos dengan model kemelimpahan jenis seri geometrik (Motomura), disamping itu terdapat hubungan yang bersifat dependen antara kualitas sedimen dengan komunitas meiobentos, sehingga kualitas sedlmen berpengaruh terhadap struktur komunitas meiobentos. Hasil uji statistik Kruskal Wallis menunjukkan ada perbedaan sangat nyata antara produktivitas tambak berdasarkan jarak dan tingkat kerusakan lahan di 3 desa lokasi penelitian mengikuti urutan desa Bedono>desa Sriwulan>desa Purwosari masing-masing sebesar 0,65>0,56>0,4 1 ton/Ha/tahun.

The degradation of Sriwulan coastal area is complicated. The coastal area lias been polluted by industrial waste and destroyed by abrassion and tlie rob of sea water which influence the local community life. The objectives of this study are to detemine: the environmental quality of coastal area and fish ponds which are on water quality, sediment quality, and meiobentos community; to find out the relation between sediment quality and meiobentos; and to determine the productivity level of fish ponds villages which are based on their distance, pollution level and destruction. Survey method was used to determine respondents and locations with purposive random sampling. The parameters of water quality were analyzed with descriptive comparative method, while tlie parameters of sediment were analyzed with principal component analysis (PCA) to find out its spatial distribution according at each monitoring station and tlie layer of sediment depth. Meiobentos community is to examined by factorial correspondence analysis (CA) to detect the level of its spatial distribution, which based on the monitoring station and tlie layer of sediment depth. Socio-econoniic parameters was collected by interviewing fish pond owners and tenant at tlie research area. It is analyzed with correlation regression to understand tlie influence of dependent parameter on independent parameter (tlie productivity of fish ponds) Then the non-parametric test statistic of Kruskall Wallis was used to differentiate the productivity at the three villages based on their distance from waste source and the destruction level of fish ponds. The research find out that water quality parameters (muddy, TSS, NH3, NO2,beyond threshold level), negative redox potential (Eh) sediment value/reduction zone, and IMLP value are moderate. This shows the waters condition at the research area is still not stable. The low value of diversity index, the dominance of particular meiobentos organisms, and tlie confinnity between meiobentos community and the abudance model of geometric series (Motomura) show that meiobentos coininunity at several monitoring stations are unstable and in addition, there is also a dependent relationship between sediment quality with meiobentos comtnunity. The results of Kruskall Wallis test statistic point out that there is a significant between fish ponds productivity with the distance factor and tlie level of destruction in the three villages research areas, i.e Bedono> Sriwulan >Purwosari conseculavely with productivity value 0.65, 0.56, 0.4 1 ton/hectare/year

Kata Kunci : Lingkungan Hidup,Pertambakan Psesisir,Kualitas Meiobentos dan Sedimen, coastal area; water and sediment quality; meiobentos