Analisis Keuntungan dan Rantai Nilai (Value Chain) Hasil Komoditi Usahatani Lahan Sawah di Desa Margoluwih Kecamatan Seyegan Kabupaten Sleman D.I Yogyakarta

Siti Rohmah, Dr. Sudrajat, M.P

2020 | Skripsi | S1 GEOGRAFI LINGKUNGAN

Sektor pertanian merupakan sektor andalan untuk mencukupi kebutuhan hidup masyarakat di Desa Margoluwih. Jenis pertanian yang diusahakan adalah pertanian lahan sawah, yang mana telah dilakukan secara turun temurun sejak lama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola rantai nilai (value chain) setiap komoditas, besar keuntungan setiap komoditas, dan efisiensi ekonomi komoditas disetiap musim tanam. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Margoluwih, Kecamatan Seyegan, Sleman, D.I Yogyakarta pada bulan Juli hingga Agustus 2019. Penentuan jumlah sampel dihitung menggunakan metode Slovin menghasilkan sebanyak 90 responden yang tersebar di 14 dusun di Desa Margoluwih. Pengumpulan sampel dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner wawancara dengan metode kuantitatif dan juga kualitatif. Pengumpulan sampel dengan metode kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan teknik Random Sampling, sedangkan pengumpulan sampel juga metode kualitatif dilakukan menggunakan teknik Snowball. Analisis rantai nilai dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif terkait aktor dan perbedaan jumlah penerimaan pada tiap rantai nilai, analisis keuntungan dilakukan menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif terkait data total biaya produksi dan total penerimaan petani, sedangkan analisis efisiensi dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif terkait imbangan penerimaan dan biaya (R/C ratio analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1). Terdapat 3 (enam) pola rantai nilai (value chain) dari produk komoditas usahatani lahan sawah, (2) Keseluruhan komoditi usahatani lahan sawah tergolong menguntungkan, dan komoditas usahatani lahan sawah yang paling efisien secara ekonomi ialah pada MT 1: padi (petani besar >1 Ha), padi (petani kecil (0.5-1 Ha), cabai (petani gurem 2 (0.1-0.5 Ha), padi (petani Gurem 1 (<1 Ha). MT 2: padi (petani besar >1 Ha), padi (petani kecil (0.5-1 Ha), jagung (petani gurem 2 (0.1-0.5 Ha), cabai (petani gurem 1 (<1 Ha). MT 3: padi (petani besar >1 Ha), padi (petani kecil (0.5-1 Ha), jagung (petani gurem 2 (0.1-0.5 Ha), cabai (petani gurem 1 (<1 Ha).

Agriculture sector was the major sector to meet the needs of Margoluwih�s community lives. The type of agriculture being cultivated was rice field agriculture which is done for long established tradition. The aim of this research was to determined the value chain�s pattern of each commodity, the profitability of each commodity, and the economic efficiency of the commodity in each growing season. This research was conducted in Margoluwih Village, Seyegan Sub-District, Sleman district, D.I.Yogyakarta Province on July until August of 2019. Determination of the number of samples calculated using the Slovin method which is result about 90 respondents spread across the village. Data collection is done through interviews using quesioners to the Margoluwih Village Farmers using both method: quantitative and qualitative. Data collection using qualitative method is done by Random Sampling technique, meanwhile the quantitative method is done by Snowball technique. Value chain analysis is analyzed using qualitative descriptive about the actor of the value chain and the difference reception between every it�s actors. The profitability analysis is analyzed using quantitative descriptive about total costs and total receptions data. And the economic efficiency is analyzed using quantitative analysis about Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C ratio analysis). The result of the research showed that: 1. There were 3 value chain patterns of the paddy farming product commodities; 2. The overall commodity of paddy farming was classified as profitable; and 3. The most economical effiecient of paddy farming commodity are dicided by: growing season 1: paddy (greatest farmers >1 Ha), paddy (great farmers (0.5-1 Ha), chili (small famers 2 (0.1-0.5 Ha), paddy (small farmers 1 (<1 Ha). Growing season 2: paddy (greatest farmers >1 Ha), paddy (great farmer (0.5-1 Ha), corn (small farmers 2 (0.1-0.5 Ha), chili (small farmers 1 (<1 Ha). Growing season 3: paddy (greatest farmers >1 Ha), paddy (great farmer (0.5-1 Ha), corn (small farmers 2 (0.1-0.5 Ha), chili (small farmers 1 (<1 Ha).

Kata Kunci : usahatani lahan sawah, rantai nilai, keuntungan, efisiensi ekonomi, paddy field farming, value chain, profit, economic efficiency