Pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku anak serta lingkungan rumah dan sekolah dengan kejadian infeksi kecacingan anak Sekolah Dasar :: Studi di Kecamatan Prembun Kabupaten Kebumen

WACHIDANIJAH, Dr.dr. Adi Heru Sutomo, MSc.DLSHTM.,D.CommNutr

2002 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Di beberapa daerah terutama di pedesaan, prevalensi penyakit cacing usus masih menunjukkan angka yaiig relatif cuhuy tinggi, yaitu di atas 60%. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi terbesar terjadi pada anak sekolah dasar. Tingginya angka prevalensi ini disebabkan antara lain karena keadaan sanitasi yang belum memadai dan kebiasaan buang air besai di sembarang tempat. Penelltian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dengan sikap responden terhadap infeksi kecacingan, hubungan sikap responden dengan perilaku berrnain dan melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari, hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap dengan perilaku, hubungan perilaku dengan kejadan mfeksi kecacingan serta gambaran perilaku responden, lingkungan rumah dan sekolah dalam hubungannya dengan kejadian infeksi kecacingan. Metode penelitian ini adalah non eksperimen dengan rancangan crossectroml dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian di Kecamatan Prembun Kabupaten Kebumen. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik proportional stratrfied random sampling. Populasi adalah anak sekolah dasar kelas 4, 5 dan 6. Analisis data kuantitatif dilakukan dengan uji chi square, regresi linier dan regresi ganda serta data hualitatif dengan interpretasi hasil pengamatan atau observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 70,6% sampel positif infeksi kecacingan, 58,4% diantaranya berada pada kelompok umur 11-13 tahun. Responden perempuan lebih banyak terinfeksi dibanding laki-laki. Meksi terbanyak adalah Trichuris trichiura yaitu 44,5%, 11,0% Ascaris lumbricoides, 0,8% Hook worm dan 43,7% terinfeksi cacing campuran. Dari penelitian ini juga diperoleh hasil ada hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antara pengetahuan denga,i sikap; antara sikap dengan perilaku; antara pengetahuan dan sikap dengan perilaku kecuali perilaku tidak pernah bermain tanah di sekolah tanpa sepatu; antara perilaku tidak pernah berak & sembarang tempat, perilaku ti& pernah bermain tanah tanpa memakai sandal dan tidak pemah mencuci tangan sebelum makan dengan kejadian infeksi kecacingan. Kebiasaan berak di sungai, kebiasaan bermain tanah tanpa alas kaki dan bentuk jamban yang mash berupa jamban cemplung diperkirakan menjadi penyebab tingginya prevalensi infeksi kecacingan. Beberapa siswa SD dijumpai tidak memakai sepatu ketika sekolah, hal ini dikarenakan lokasi sekolah merupakan daerah pegunungm. Perilaku mencuci tangan belum menjadi kebiasaan walaupun di depan masing-masing kelas telah disediakan tempat mtuk mencuci tangan. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah bahwa pengetahuan dan sikap mempenganh perilaku. Perilaku merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi infeksi kecacingan. Disarankan agar dilakukan pengobatan dan peningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku responden dengan metode promosi kesehatan yang disesuaikan dengan tingkat pendidikan siswa dan daerah penelitian.

In some area the prevalence of intestinal worm disease is relatively high more than 60%. Some research showed that the biggest prevalence was occurred in primary school children. This research was aimed to investigate the relationship between knowledge and with attitude of respondent toward intestinal worm infection, the relationship between respondent"^ attitude playing behavior and daily activities, the relationship between knowledge and attitude related with behavior, the relationship between behavior and intestinal worm infection as well as the description of respondenf's behavior and environment of house and school related with intestinal worm infection. This is a non-experimental research that uses cross-sectional design with quantitative and qualitative approaches. Thls research was located in Prembun Subdistrict, Kebiimen Regency. The sample was chosen using proportional stratified random sampling technique. The population was primary school children at grade 4, 5 and 6. Quantitative data was analysed using chi-square, regression linier and multiple regression, and the qualitative data was analysed using comparative interpretation of observation and in-depth interview result. The result of this research showed that 70,6% of the sample was positive suffering from intestinal worms infection, which 58,4% out of the 70,6% was in the age of 11 - 13 years old. The number of guls respondents was more than boys. The most infection experienced was from Trichuris trichiura 44,5%, 1 l,O% Ascaris lumhricoides, O,8% Hook worm and 43,70/, infected from mixed worms. This research also showed that there was significant relationship between knowledge and attitude, between attitude and behavior, there was significant relationship between knowledge and attitude with behavior except behavior of playing with sand at school without wearing shoes, there was significant relationship between behavior of never defecate in any place, behavior of not playing with sand at school without wearing shoes and never washmg hand before eating with the incident of intestinal worm infection. The unavailability of latrine, house that nearby river, "jamban cemplung" as well as always playing sand and not wearing shoes were estimated as the cause of high prevalence of intestinal worm infection in the research area. Some primary school students were found out not wearing shoes at school as this research location is considered as hilly area. Indeed, behavior of washmg hand is not yet becoming a habit although washbasin is provided at the front of the class. It can be concluded that knowledge and attitude could influence behavior. Behavior is one of the factors that could influence the intestinal worm infection. It was suggested to do treatment as well as improving the knowledge, attitude and behavior of mothers and school children in line with research setting and research subject.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku, infeksi kecacingan, lingkungan, behavior, intestinal worm, environment