Komunikasi persuasif terhadap perilaku pencegahan penyalahgunaan narkotika, alkohol, dan zat adiktif lainnya (Naza) pada murid SMU Negeri kota Palu

NASRUL, Prof.dr. Djauhar Ismail, Sp.AK.,MPH.,PhD

2002 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Tujuan umum penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh komunikasi persuasif terhadap perilaku pencegahan penyalahgunaan narkotika, alkohol, dan zat adiktif lainnya (NAZA). Secara khusus tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh komunikasi persuasif terhadap pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan pencegahan penyalahgunaan NAZA serta perbandingan pengaruh antara komuni kasi persuasif melalui leaflet, ceramah, dan tanpa perlakuan (kontrol). Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimen semu dengan rancangan pretes-postes pada tiga kelompok yang diberi perlakuan berbeda secara acak. Sampei adalah siswa baru tahun ajaran 2001/2002 dari 3 sekolah menengah umum yang dipilih secara acak sederhana sejumlah 43 orang setiap sekolah. Analisis data menggunakan uji anova satu jalan, dilanjutkan dengan diuji LSD, uji McNemar dan Cochran dengan tingkat kemaknaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunj ukkan bahwa pengaruh komunikasi persuasif melalui leuflet dan ceramah berpengaruh secara bermakna terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan, si kap, dan tindakan pencegahan penyalahgunaan NAZA dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Pengaruh leaflet terhadap pengetahuan dari hasil pretes, postesl, dan posted diperoleh nilai F sebesar 9,330 p < 0,05. Terhadap sikap diperoleh nilai F sebesar 4,019 p < 0,05. Sedangkan terhadap tindakan pencegahan hasil uji McNemar diperoleh nilai p < 0,05. Adapun pengaruh ceramah terhadap pengetahuan antara pretes, postesl, dan postes:! diperoleh nilai F sebesar 4,476 p < . 0,05. Terhadap sikap diperoleh nilai F sebesar 9,423 p < 0,05 sedangkan terhadap tindakan pencegahan dengan uji McNemar diperoleh nilai p < 0,05. Pada kelompok kontrol meskipun tejadi peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan tetapi tidak bermakna nilai p > 0,05. Perbandingan pengaruh perlakuan terhadap pengetahuan antara feufret dengan ceramah dengan uji LSD diperoleh nilai p > 0,05, antara feuflet dengan kontrol p < 0,05 dan antara ceramah dengan kontrol nilai p > 0,05. Pengaruh terhadap sikap antara leaflet dengan ceramah nilai p > 0,05, antara feaflet dengan kontrol nilai p < 0,05, dan antara ceramah dengan kontrol nilai p 0,05. Pengaruh terhadap tindakan pencegahan berdasarkan uj i Cochran antara leaflet, ceramah, dan kontrol diperoleh nilai p < 0,05. Kesimpulan, pengaruh kornunikasi persuasif melalui leaflet dan ceramah sama dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, si kap, dan tindakan pencegahan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol.

The general aim of this research was to investigate the influence of persuasive communication toward prevention behavior of narcotics, alcohol, and other addictive drug abuse. The specific aim of this research was to examine the influence of persuasive communication toward knowledge, attitude, and action of drug abuse prevention as well as the influence comparison between persuasive communication through leaflet, speech and without intervention (control). This was a quasi experimental study with designs of pre-test post-test of three groups that was given random different intervention. The sample was 43 new students of three government high school of 2001/2002 academic year who was selected with simple random method. Data analysis was using one-way ANOVA test, which then analysed by using LSD (Least Significance Difference), McNemar test and Cochran with the significance value of 95%. The result of this research showed that in intervention group, the influence of persuasive communication through leaflet and speech had significant influence toward the improvement of knowledge, attitude and prevention action of drug abuse. Based on the result of ANOVA test of leaflet influence, the F value of knowledge from the result of pre-test, post-test 1, and post-test 2 was 9,330 with p < 0,05. The F value of the influence of leaflet toward attitude was 4,019 with p < 0,05. The influence of leaflet toward the prevention action based on the result of McNemar test was obtained p < 0,05. The F value of the influence of speech toward knowledge that based on ANOVA test between pre-test, post-test 1, and post-test 2 was 4,476 with p . < 0,05. The influence of speech toward attitude created F value of 9,423 with p < 0,05 while toward the prevention action based on McNemar test was p ~ 0 ~ 0T5he. r e was an insignificant improvement of knowledge, attitude, and action in control group with p > 0,05. Based on LSD test, the influence comparison of intervention toward knowledge between leaflet and speech was obtained p > 0,05, between leaflet with control was obtained p < 0,05, and between speech with control was obtained p > 0,05. The influence toward attitude between leaflet with speech was obtained p > 0,05, between leaflet with control was obtained p < 0,05, and between speech with control was obtained p < 0,05. Based on Cochran test,. the influence toward prevention action between leaflet, speech, and control was obtained p < 0,05. Therefore the influence of intervention was indifferent; leaflet was equal than speech, and was better than control. Conclusion, the influence of persuasive communication through leaflet and speech equal toward the improvement of knowledge, attitude, and prevention action drug abuse.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku Sehat,Penyalahgunaan NAZA,Komunikasi Persuasif,persuasive communication, prevention behavior ,narcotics ,alcohol, drug abuse