Pola konsumsi pangan, paritas dan status gizi ibu post partum 4 dan 6 bulan di Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta

MAHADEWI, I Gusti Ayu Putri, dr. Hamam Hadi, MS,Sc.D

2002 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang : Ibu menyusui (post Partum) merupakan salah satu kelompok rawan gizi, dan ibu mulai umur 4 dan 6 bulan post partum akan mengalami penman berat badan akibat pemulihan dan menyusui. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Susilo (2001) temyata KEK pada ibu hamil di kabupaten Bantu1 adalah 28,69 %. Tingginya prevalensi tersebut karena tingkat konsumsi energi dan proteinnya masih banyak yang berada di bawah standar kecukupan. Status p i ibu post partum sangat tegantung pada jumlah makanan yang ditimbun oleh ibu sewaktu hamil (maternal store). Namun demikian belum dketahui status e i ib u post partum 4 dan 6 bulan yang pada waktu hamil mempunyai pola makan baik dan pola makan tidak baik. Tuiuan Denelitian : Untuk mengetahui hubungan pola konsumsi pangan, status gizi selama hamil dan paritas dengan status gizi ibu post partum 4 dan 6 bulan. Rancangan Penelitian : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional yang bersifat survei dengan rancangan kohort dengan kombinasi non concurrent dan concurrent prospective study. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua ibu yang mempunyai bayi berumur 4 bulan dan merupakan subyek penelitian terdahulu yang dilalcukan oleh Ha&,&. (2001). Data yang dikmpulkan adalah status p i ibu selama hamil, status gizi post partum 4 dan 6 bulan, poIa konsumsi (jenis, jumlah, frekuensi makan, pantangan) dan data social ekonomi (jumlah anggota keluarga, lama pendidikan, pekerjaan, pendapatan, pengeluaran dan paritas). Penentuan konsumsi makan dilakukan dengan FFQ. Analisa data dilakukan secara Dislmptif dan analitik dengan uji c h square dan uji logstik dengan program stata. Hasil Penelitian : Sebagan besar responden mempunyai pola konsumsi selarna post partum baik yaitu sebanyak 123 orang (66,47 %), sebagan besar pernah melahirkan 2 2 kali yaitu sebanyak 118 orang (63,78 %) dan rata-rata Indeks Massa Tubuh antara Eksposure dan Non Ekxopsure tidak ada perbedaan. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara pola konsumsi pangan selama hamil dengan status gizi post parturn 4 dan 6 bulan dan juga ti& ada hubungan antara paritas dengan status gizi post partum 4 dqn 6 bulan (P > 0,OS). Namun demikian ada pengaruh yang sangat bermakna antara status gizi selama hamil dengan status p i ib u post partum 4 dan 6 bulan (P < 0.05). Dengan uji logistik ganda dengan mengendallkan variable yang mempenganrhr. status gizi post partum temyata status gzi waktu hamil memberikan kontribusi terhadap status gzi post partum dengan odds rasionya sebesar 4,89 kali ; 95 % CI 1,63 - 14,7 (pada 4 bulan post partum dan 6,12 kali.; 95% CI 2,37 - 15,81 (pada 6 bulan post partum). Kesimpulan : Pola konsumsi p g a n ibu post partum dan paritas tidak mempengaruhi status gizi post partum 4 dan 6 bulan, &an tetapi semakin baik status gizi sewaktu hamil semakin baik status gki post partum 4 dan 6 bulan.

Backround : Breastfed mothers are included in nutritional high-risk group. At the age of 4-6 months post-partum, their weight start to decrease because of recovery and breastfeeding. Based on Susilo's research, the prevalence of inadequate food intake of pregnant mothers in Bantul regency is 28,69%. That high prevalence is caused by the lack of energy and protein intake. The nutritional status of breastfed mothers depend on their food intake during pregnancy. Nevertheless, the nutritional status of breastfed mothers aged 4-6 months who have sufficient and insufficient food intake are not known yet. Obiective : The study was proposed to know the relationship between food intake pattern, the nutritional status during pregnancy, and parity with nutritional status of breastfed mothers with infants aged 4 - 6 months. Method : This study was observational using cohort combined with concurrent and noncurrent prospective study. Subjects were mothers who had baby aged 4 months. Data collected were mother's nutritional status during pregnancy, nutritional status of breastfed mothers aged 4-6 months, food intake pattern (variety, quantity, frequency, avoidance food) and social economic data (family, education, job, income, outcome and parity). Food intake was determined using FFQ. Data was analysed descriptively and analytically with chi square and logistic examination using stata program. Multivariate logistic test was used to control variable that influence nutritional status of breastfed mothers. Results : Most subjects, (68,11% or 126), had good food intake pattern during breastfeeding. Subjects who had 2 or more under fives was 11 8 (63, 78%) and the average of Body Mass Index between Exposure and Non Exposure were not different. Statistic test showed that there was no relationship between food intake patterns during pregnancy with nutritional status of breastfed mothers aged 4 and 6 months. There was also no relationship between parity and nutritional status of breastfed mothers aged 4 and 6 months. Yet, there was significant influence between nutritional status during pregnancy with nutritional qtatus of breastfed mothers aged 4 and 6 months (P<0.05). The odd ratio of nutritional status during pregnancy and breastfeeding aged 4 month was 4,89 ;95% CI 1,63 - 14,7 and 6 month was 6,12; Conclusion : The food intake pattern of breastfed mothers and parity do not influence nutritional status of breastfed mothers aged 4 and 6 months. However, if the nutritional status of mothers during pregnancy is better, the nutritional status of breastfed mothers aged 4 and 6 months will also be better. 95% CI 2,37 - 15,81. Key Words : Food intake pattern, parity, nutritional status, breastfed mothers

Kata Kunci : Gizi Wanita Hamil,Post Partum 4 dan 6 Bulan