Harmonizing Victim's Right to Participation in ICC under Article 68(3) of the Rome Statute and Accused's Right to Fair Trial under Article 67 of the Rome Statute

FITRY NABIILAH H, Devita Kartika Putri, S.H., LL.M.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 HUKUM

Mahkamah Pidana Internasional (ICC) merupakan pengadilan kriminal internasional pertama yang memasukkan keadilan restoratif dalam hukum dan peraturannya dan memberikan serangkaian hak yang komprehensif kepada para korban kejahatan internasional, termasuk hak untuk berpartisipasi berdasarkan Pasal 68 (3) Statuta Roma. Namun, hak partisipasi ini menimbulkan kekhawatiran terhadap hak-hak terdakwa atas peradilan yang jujur dan adil. Berdasarkan itu, Penelitian Hukum ini bertujuan memberikan pemahaman mendalam tentang implementasi hak partisipasi korban dalam persidangan ICC berdasarkan Pasal 68 (3) Statuta Roma dan cara ICC menyelaraskan pelaksanaan hak tersebut dengan hak-hak terdakwa atas peradilan yang jujur dan adil berdasarkan Pasal 67 Statuta Roma. Karena itu, Penelitian Hukum ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, khususnya menggunakan pendekatan kasus. Pendekatan ini menggunakan hukum dan peraturan, keputusan pengadilan, dan studi literatur dalam menganalisis masalah yang ada. Penelitian Hukum ini berkesimpulan bahwa pertama, implementasi dari partisipasi korban berdasarkan Pasal 68(3) Statuta Roma masih memerlukan perbaikan, terutama untuk prosedur pendaftaran berdasarkan Peraturan 89 Rules of Procedure and Evidence. Selain itu, dalam praktiknya para korban diharuskan memiliki perwakilan hukum untuk berpartisipasi di ICC, dan modalitas partisipasi korban akan diputuskan dengan mempertimbangkan tahap persidangan dan hak-hak peradilan yang jujur dan adil bagi terdakwa. Kedua, dengan mempertimbangkan keberatan dari para terdakwa, pengadilan dalam kasus Lubanga dan Bemba menetapkan preseden untuk menyelaraskan hak partisipasi korban berdasarkan Pasal 68 (3) Statuta Roma dengan hak terdakwa atas peradilan yang jujur dan adil berdasarkan Pasal 67 (1) Statuta Roma dengan menetapkan batasan tertentu dalam proses penentuan partisipasi korban.

International Criminal Court (ICC) was the first international criminal tribunal that incorporated restorative justice into its legal texts and vested the victims of international crimes with a comprehensive set of rights, including the right to participation under Article 68(3) of the Rome Statute. However, this participatory right creates concern for the fair trial rights of the accused. With that in mind, this Legal Research aims provide a comprehensive understanding to how victim's right to participate in ICC proceedings under Article 68(3) of the Rome Statute is implemented and how the ICC harmonizes the implementation of such right with the fair trial rights of the accused under Article 67 of the Rome Statute. Thus, this Legal Research employs normative legal research method, specifically using case law approach. It mostly relies on laws and regulations, court decisions, and literature studies in analysing the issues. This Legal Research comes to a conclusion that firstly, the implementation of victim participation under Article 68(3) of the Rome Statute still has room for improvement especially in terms of the application procedure under Rule 89 of Rules of Procedure and Evidence. Meanwhile, the practice shows that victims need to be represented in order to participate before the ICC, in which the modalities of their participation will be decided by taking into account the stage of proceeding and the fair trial rights of the accused. Secondly, taking into account the objections from the defendants, the chambers in Lubanga and Bemba set the precedents on harmonizing the victim's right to participation under Article 68(3) of the Rome Statute with the accused's right to fair trial under Article 67(1) of the Rome Statute by imposing limitative measures in the process of determination on authorizing victim participation.

Kata Kunci : Victim Participation, Right to Fair Trial, Restorative Justice, International Criminal Court