Rencana Aksi Indonesia Dalam Menurunkan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca di Sektor Kehutanan Melalui Perhutanan Sosial

ETHELDREDA D'ELY E, I Gusti Agung Made Wardana, S.H., LL.M., Ph.D.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 HUKUM

Determinasi Indonesia dalam mewujudkan target Nationally Determined Contribution sebagai tindak lanjut dari Persetujuan Paris menghasilkan langkah konkrit dalam upaya adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim, salah satunya melalui perhutanan sosial. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjabarkan ragam upaya pencapaian target Indonesia baik conditional maupun unconditional, serta penerapan dan keterkaitan skema perhutanan sosial dengan kehendak perubahan iklim. Penulisan ini menggunakan jenis penelitian normatif empiris. Penelitian digunakan dengan menekankan pada studi lapangan dan studi pustaka. Sehingga dilakukan telaah terhadap data sekunder berupa bahan-bahan kepustakaan yang relevan serta data primer melalui hasil wawancara dengan beberapa informan. Selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan metode kualitatif, sehingga hasilnya bersifat deskriptif-analitis guna memberikan pemecahan terhadap permasalahan yang diangkat. Penelitian ini menghasilkan dua kesimpulan. Pertama, bahwa target conditional dan unconditional sejatinya berhubungan dalam pelaksanaannya, utamanya terkait perkembangan legislasi dan pembangunan kapasitas Indonesia dalam mencapai target Nationally Determined Contribution. Kedua, yakni bahwa pasca terbitnya Permen LHK 83/2016, aturan perhutanan sosial di Indonesia mulai mengakomodir unsur ekologis, meski masih bersifat sektoral-parsial pada setiap momentum kebijakan dan masih belum sejalan dengan kerangka lingkup kegiatan dari REDD+. Adapun beberapa kritis yang perlu ditindaklanjuti yakni absennya metode pengukuran dan perhitungan karbon yang seragam dan aplikatif bagi masyarakat penerima manfaat, belum adanya sistem sertifikasi karbon hutan nasional untuk area perhutanan sosial, serta adanya perbedaan acuan peta yang digunakan dalam penentuan lokasi pelaksanaan program.

Indonesia's determination in realizing the Nationally Determined Contribution target as a follow-up to the Paris Agreement resulted in concrete steps in climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts, one of which is through social forestry. This paper aims to describe the various efforts to achieve Indonesia's targets on both conditional and unconditional, as well as the application and linkage of social forestry schemes to climate change will. This writing combines normative and empirical juridical research type. Research is used by emphasizing field studies and literature studies. Therefore a study of secondary data in the form of relevant library materials and primary data was conducted through interviews with several informants. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using qualitative methods, so the results are descriptive-analytical to provide solutions to the issues raised. This research produces two conclusions. First, those conditional and unconditional targets are related in their implementation, primarily related to the development of Indonesian legislation and capacity building in achieving Nationally Determined Contribution targets. Second, namely that after the issuance of the 83/2016 LHK Ministerial Regulation, social forestry regulations in Indonesia have begun to accommodate ecological elements, although they are still sector-partial in every policy momentum and are still not in line with the scope of activities of REDD +. Some critical issues that need to be followed up are the absence of uniform and applicative carbon measurement and calculation methods for beneficiary communities, the absence of a national forest carbon certification system for social forestry areas, as well as differences in map references used in determining the location of program implementation.

Kata Kunci : Climate Change, Nationally Determined Contribution, Social Forestry, Indonesia