Gambaran Perkembangan Body Condition Score, Perilaku Berahi dan Sitologi Vagina Selama Periode Pemenuhan Asupan Pakan pada Kambing Bligon Betina Yang Mengalami Kekurangan Nutrisi

KELVIANO MUQIT, Dr. drh. Irkham Widiyono ; Dr. drh. Yanuartono, M.P

2020 | Tesis | MAGISTER SAINS VETERINER

Pembatasan pakan pada kambing menyebabkan penurunan asupan pakan, Body Condition Score, serta menghalangi munculnya kejadian estrus. Proses pemenuhan asupan pakan setelah terjadinya fase pembatasan pakan dapat meningkatkan asupan pakan, meningkatkan bobot badan dan Body Condition Score serta menimbulkan kembali terjadinya siklus estrus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari pembatasan pakan serta pemenuhan asupan pakan terhadap perilaku berahi pada kambing betina yang kekurangan nutrisi. Lima ekor kambing Bligon betina dengan kondisi BCS 1, bebas dari penyakit, belum pernah beranak dan berumur satu tahun serta satu ekor kambing Bligon jantan sebagai pemancing berahi digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Pemberian pakan selama fase pembatasan pakan berupa kangkung kering (Ipomea reptans) dengan pemberian sebanyak 2% BK. Pembatasan pakan dilakukan selama 40 hari. Perlakuan fase pemenuhan asupan pakan diberikan kangkung kering ditambah konsentrat dengan proporsi pemberian 50 : 50, dengan jumlah pemberian 4% BK. Variabel yang diamati selama perlakuan meliputi : kondisi kesehatan secara fisik, perubahan bobot badan harian (PBBH) , konsumsi pakan harian, perubahan Body Condition Score, pengamatan berahi, dan sitologi vagina. Perubahan BCS dan kondisi fisik kambing dijabarkan secara deskriptif. Perubahan bobot harian, konsumsi pakan harian, perubahan BCS, kondisi vulva, lendir estrus, perilaku berahi dan sitologi vagina menggunakan uji ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan Tukey. Selama berlangsungnya penelitian, kambing dalam kondisi sehat secara fisik. Pengamatan PBBH dan konsumsi pakan harian menunjukkan perbedaan nyata (P<0,05), skor BCS ketika dengan perilaku estrus tertinggi adalah 2,9 �± 0,22. Pengamatan estrus yang mengacu pada tiga parameter antara lain kondisi vulva, lendir berahi dan perilaku berahi menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata pada keadaan vulva, lendir estrus, dan perilaku berahi (P<0,05) Pengamatan sitologi vagina menunjukkan perbedaan nyata di masing-masing fase pada persentase sel parabasal dan kornifikasi (P<0,05), namun tidak berbeda nyata pada sel intermediet dan superfisial (P>0,05). Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan pembatasan pakan menimbulkan gangguan penghambatan siklus estrus, sedangkan pemenuhan asupan pakan dapat menimbulkan gejala estrus 4 minggu setelah perlakuan dimulai yang ditandai oleh perubahan kondisi vulva, perilaku berahi dan hasil apus vagina

The limitation of feeds in a goat is causing a decrease in the feed intake, Body Condition Score (BCS), as well as preventing the event of estrous. The process of completing feed intake after the limitation of feeds could increase feeding intake, weight, and Body Condition Score and also the event of estrous could happen again. The objective of this research is to determine the effect of feeds limitation and the fulfillment of feed intake towards the sexual behavior to a female goat that is experience nutrients deficiency. 5 female Bligon goat with 1 point score in BCS, disease-free, has never given birth and were 1 year old as well as a male Bligon goat as a sexual stimulant were used in this research. Distribution of feeds during the phase of feeds limitation was in the form of dried kale (Ipomea Reptans) with the distribution as much as 2% BK. The feeds restriction were carried out for 40 days. During the completion of feeding period, dry kale and concentrate with a ratio 50:50 were given as feeds, with the amount of 4% BK. Variables observed during the treatment including: physical health conditions, changes in average daily gain (ADG), daily feed consumption, changes in Body Condition Score, sexual observation, and vaginal cytology. Changes in BCS are explained descriptively Changes in daily weight, daily feed consumption, difference in vulvar condition, sexual behaviour, and vaginal cytology using ANOVA and followed by post hoc Tukey test. Observation of daily body weight and daily feed consumption shows a significant differences (P<0,05), BCS reading during estrous was 2, 9 �± 0, 22. Estrous observation that refer to three parameters, inter alia, vulvar condition, sexual mucus, and sexual behaviour showed a significant difference in the state of vulva and sexual behaviour (P<0, 05). Observation of vaginal cytology showed a significant difference in each of the percentage of Parabasal cell and cornification (P< 0,05), but not as significant in the intermediate and superficial cell (P>0.05). Based on this observation, it can be concluded that feed restriction could cause inhibition of estrous cycle, meanwhile, completion of feeding intake could cause estrous symptoms 4 weeks after the treatment begins which is marked by changes in vulvar condition, sexual behaviour, and vaginal smear result.

Kata Kunci : kambing Bligon, pembatasan pakan, pemenuhan asupan pakan, perilaku berahi, Body Condition Score, apus vagina