PRODUKTIVITAS INDUK BIBIT SEBAR SAPI MADURA DI KAWASAN PENGEMBANGAN BUDAYA SONOK DI PULAU MADURA

MUHAMMAD FATHI H, Ir. Tri Satya Mastuti Widi, S.Pt., MP., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPM., ASEAN Eng. ., Prof. Dr. Ir. Endang Baliarti, SU.

2020 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN

Peneltian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui produktivitas induk bibit sebar sapi Madura yang digunakan sebagai budaya taccek di wilayah pengembangan sonok yang meliputi kinerja dan ukuran tubuh serta sistem produksi (karakteristik peternak dan sistem pemeliharaan). Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu adalah sapi taccek milik 70 peternak. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan wawancara menggunakan kuisoner, serta pengkuran tubuh ternak. Data kinerja reproduksi dan ukuran tubuh ternak dianalisis dengan menggunakan ANOVA satu arah terhadap tiga kecamatan, yaitu Waru, Pasean, Batu Marmar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja reproduksi induk sapi Madura bibit sebar di kecamatan Waru, Pasean, Batu Marmar secara berurutan yaitu adalah, umur pertama kawin 18,68±1,61, 18,24±1,72 dan 18,7±1,98 bulan, S/C 2,03 ± 0,64, 1,82 ± 0,46 dan 1,93 ± 0,69 kali, siklus estrus 21.03 ± 0,93, 21,10 ± 1,17 dan 20,9 ± 1,26 hari, jarak beranak 14,75 ± 1,01, 14,65 ± 1,20 dan 14,73 ± 0,90 bulan, Post Partum Mating (PPM) 4,56± 0,87, 4,65 ± 0,97 dan 4,5 ± 0,93 bulan dan persentase metode perkawinan, alami 28,2%, IB 71,8%; alami 89,47%, IB 10,53%, dan alami 50,54%, IB 49,46%. Berdasarakan hasil analisis ANOVA tidak ditemukan perbedaan nyata pada seluruh variabel kinerja reproduksi di tiga kecamatan. Hasil pengukuran ukuran tubuh induk sapi Madura bibit sebar di kecamatan Waru, Pasean, Batu Marmar secara berurutan adalah, lingkar dada 161.31 ± 31,25, 160,20 ± 6,55, dan 154,63 ±10,49 cm, tinggi gumba 122,68 ± 3,54, 122,96 ± 5,19 dan 121,13 ± 3,94 cm, panjang badan 128,06 ± 7,21, 127,93 ± 6,35 dan 128,83 ± 5,53 cm, dalam dada 61,46 ± 5,27, 60,17 ± 6,14 dan 61,13 ± 7,70 cm, lebar dada di 39,37 ± 4,20, 39,68 ± 4,73 dan 38,33 ± 5,71 cm, tinggi pinggul 120,34 ± 3,98, 121,65 ± 4,64 dan 119,5 ± 4,26 cm, lebar pinggul 37,87 ± 3,60, 38,89 ± 3,53 dan 40,16 ± 15,35 cm, indeks kepala 0,45 ± 0,03, 0,45 ± 0.03 dan 0,48 ± 0,16. Berdasarkan anailiss ANOVA ditemukan perbedaan nyata pada lingkar dada yang lebih besar di kecamatan Waru dibanding Batu Marmar. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan dari produktivitas induk bibit sebar sapi Madura di tiga kecamatan, serta terdapat hasil yang lebih baik pada beberapa variabel produktivitas dibanding kisaran normal, sehingga berpotensi dikembangkan untuk menghasilkan bibit sonok dan menaikkan standar mutu dari sapi komersial.

This research was aimed to measure the productivity of breeding stocks of Madura cattle used for taccek in sonok area which included performances, body size and production systems (farmers characteristics and raising systems).The material used in this study were cattle used for taccek, owned by 70 farmers. The methods were interviewing the farmers using a questionnaire and measuring the body size of cattle. Data of reproductive performances and body size of livestock in three districts ( Waru, Pasean, Batu Marmar) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the reproductive performances of the Madura cows used for taccek in the Waru, Pasean, Batu Marmar Sub districts were (respectively): the first mating age (18.68 ± 1.61, 18.24 ± 1.72 and 18.7 ± 1.98 month); service per conception (S/C) were 2.03 ± 0.64, 1.82 ± 0.46 and 1.93 ± 0.69 times; estrus cycle (21.03 ± 0.93, 21.10 ± 1.17 and 20.9 ± 1.26 days) calving interval (14.75 ± 1.01, 14.65 ± 1.20 and 14.73 ± 0.90 months); Post Partum Mating (PPM) were 4.56 ± 0.87, 4.65 ± 0.97 and 4.5 ± 0.93 months, and in Pasean the percentage of mating methods using natural mating were 28.2% and artificial insemination were 71.8%, in Waru the percentage of mating methods using natural mating were 89.47%, and artificial insemination were 10.53%, and in Batu Marmar the percentage of mating methods using natural mating were 50.54 %, and artificial insemination were 49.46%. There were no significant differences in reproductive performances in the three districts. Body size of Madura breeding stocks in Waru, Pasean, Batu Marmar sub districts were, girth of chest 161.31 ± 31.25, 160.20 ± 6.55, and 154.63 ± 10.49 cm, height at whiters 122.68 ± 3.54, 122.96 ± 5.19 and 121.13 ± 3.94 cm, length of the body 28.06 ± 7.21, 127.93 ± 6.35 and 128.83 ± 5.53 cm, depth of chest .46 ± 5.27, 60.17 ± 6.14 and 61.13 ± 7.70 cm, width of chest 39.37 ± 4.20, 39.68 ± 4.73 and 38, 33 ± 5.71 cm, height at hip 120.34 ± 3.98, 121.65 ± 4.64 and 119.5 ± 4.26 cm, width of hip 37.87 ± 3.60, 38.89 ± 3, 53 and 40.16 ± 15.35 cm, head index 0.45 ± 0.03, 0.45 ± 0.03 and 0.48 ± 0.16. There were significant differences on girth of chest in Waru that higher than that in Batu Marmar Sub districts, due to the selection process. It was concluded that reproductive performances and body size showed better results in several aspects than the average ranges, so that it has the potential to be developed to produce sonok stocks and raise quality standards from commercial cattle.

Kata Kunci : Sapi Madura, Sapi Taccek, Kinerja reproduksi, sistem produksi, ukuran tubuh/Madura Cattle, Multiplier breeding stock, cattle, Taccek, Reproductive performances, body size